2007-12-31-世界卫生组织-2008_GATS_Country_Report_Brazil_208页_5mb

Summary of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Brazil Report (2008)

Core Content

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Brazil Report, published in 2010, presents findings from the 2008 survey, which was conducted as part of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS). It provides comprehensive data on tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke exposure, media influence, economic aspects, and knowledge among adults in Brazil. The report is a key tool for evaluating tobacco control policies and their impact, and it supports the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the MPOWER strategy.

Main Objectives

• To collect standardized data on tobacco use and related factors in Brazil.
• To support the development and evaluation of national tobacco control programs.
• To fulfill Brazil's obligations under the FCTC by generating comparable data with other countries.
• To assess the effectiveness of current tobacco control measures and identify areas for improvement.

Key Information

Tobacco Control Context

• The FCTC, adopted by WHO in 2003, is the first international treaty on tobacco control.
• MPOWER is a set of six evidence-based tobacco control strategies that guide FCTC implementation.
• Brazil ratified the FCTC in 2005, leading to expanded tobacco control activities.

Survey Implementation

• National Coordinator: Brazilian Ministry of Health through an Executive Committee.
• Key Institutions: Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), and Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz).
• Implementing Agency: Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE).
• International Partners: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
• Funding: Provided by Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Brazilian Ministry of Health.

Methodology Overview

• The survey is a household-based study conducted in 2008 as part of the National Household Sample Survey (NHSS).
• Sampling Plan: Designed to ensure representativeness across Brazil's regions and demographics.
• Questionnaire: Includes core and optional modules on tobacco use, cessation, secondhand smoke exposure, media, and economic factors.
• Data Collection: Field teams were trained, and data were collected using electronic instruments with quality control measures.
• Ethical Considerations: The survey was conducted in compliance with ethical standards.

Findings and Highlights

• Tobacco Use Prevalence: In 2008, 24.6 million Brazilians were smokers.
• Smoking Patterns: Smoking prevalence varied by age, gender, and region, with higher rates in certain areas.
• Nicotine Dependence: Young people (15–24 years) showed high levels of nicotine dependence.
• Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Significant exposure to secondhand smoke was reported in workplaces, health facilities, restaurants, and public transportation.
• Cessation Efforts: A substantial number of smokers attempted to quit, with some receiving support from health professionals.
• Economic Impact: The cost of cigarettes in terms of minimum wage has increased over time, indicating potential price control efforts.

Main Viewpoints

• Public Health Importance: Tobacco use is a major public health issue in Brazil, contributing to chronic diseases and premature deaths.
• Policy Impact: The integration of GATS into the NHSS demonstrates Brazil's commitment to maintaining high-quality data collection and surveillance systems.
• International Collaboration: The survey was a collaborative effort between Brazil and international organizations, highlighting the importance of global cooperation in tobacco control.
• Need for Continued Monitoring: Despite progress, tobacco use remains a significant challenge, and ongoing monitoring is essential to guide future interventions.

Key Challenges and Opportunities

• Disparities in Tobacco Use: Regional and socio-demographic differences in smoking behavior and exposure require targeted interventions.
• Smoke-Free Environments: There is a need to strengthen smoke-free policies in workplaces and public spaces.
• Advertising and Pricing: Restrictions on tobacco advertising and taxation measures are critical to reducing consumption.
• Knowledge and Awareness: While many people recognize the health risks of smoking, there is room for improvement in public awareness and education efforts.

Conclusion

The GATS Brazil Report is a critical resource for understanding the scope of tobacco use and its impact on public health. It underscores Brazil's leadership in tobacco control and the importance of sustained efforts to reduce smoking rates and protect public health. The data collected will serve as a baseline for future analysis and policy refinement, both nationally and internationally.

Structure and Content Overview

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Executive Summary
• Introduction
• Objectives of the Survey
• Methodology
• Sample and Population Characteristics
• Tobacco Use
• Cessation
• Secondhand Smoke Exposure
• Media
• Economy
• Knowledge
• Country Challenges - MPOWER Perspective
• References
• Annexes

List of Figures

• Figure 1.1: Population distribution by gender and age, Brazil and Geographical Regions - 2008.
• Figure 1.2: Adjusted and crude mortality rates by malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus, and lung, 1980–2007.
• Figure 1.3: Smoking prevalence among adults aged 18+ and National tobacco control strategies (1986–2008).
• Figure 5.1: Prevalence and prevalence ratio of smokers by age and gender.
• Figure 5.2: Nicotine dependence levels among young people (15–24) by region.
• Figure 7.1: Secondhand smoke exposure by place of exposure.
• Figure 9.1: Cigarette cost in terms of minimum wage (1990–2010).
• Figure 9.2: Source of last cigarette purchase among smokers.
• Figure 10.1: Belief in smoking-related health risks.

List of Tables

• Table 3.1: Distribution of respondents in the pretest by smoking status, age, residence, and gender.
• Table 4.1: Distribution of adults by socio-demographic characteristics (GATS 2008 and NHSS 2008).
• Table 5.1–5.25: Detailed distribution of smokers and non-smokers by region, gender, age, and socio-economic factors.
• Table 6.1–6.5: Cessation attempts, support from health professionals, and methods used.
• Table 7.1–7.5: Secondhand smoke exposure in various settings.

This report is a valuable tool for policymakers, public health professionals, and researchers aiming to combat the global tobacco epidemic through evidence-based strategies.