2023-11-22-世界卫生组织-Zika_information_for_travelers_2页_181kb

Zika Virus Disease and Travelers' Information

Transmission

• Primary mode: Mosquito bites from Aedes (Stegomyia) genus, specifically Aedes aegypti, which transmits during daylight hours.
• Other modes: Mother-to-fetus transmission, sexual contact, transfusion of blood and blood products, laboratory exposure, and potential organ transplantation.

Clinical Features

• Incubation period: Approximately 3–14 days.
• Symptoms: Generally mild and include rash, low-grade fever, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and headache; last 2–7 days. Most cases are asymptomatic.
• Diagnosis: Requires laboratory confirmation, as symptoms overlap with other diseases.
• Pregnancy-related risks: Zika infection in pregnant women causes microcephaly and other congenital malformations in infants.

Geographic Distribution

• Documented autochthonous transmission in 89 countries and territories, absent in the Eastern Mediterranean region.

Risk for Travelers

• Exposed in endemic areas or through sexual contact with recently infected individuals who traveled to risk areas.
• Pregnant women and those of reproductive age are at higher risk of adverse outcomes; consult healthcare providers for risk assessment and prevention.

Prophylaxis and Precautions

• No specific vaccines or antiviral treatments.
• Use paracetamol for fever.
• Prevent mosquito bites by wearing long sleeves, pants, using insect repellents, and ensuring accommodations have screened windows.
• Adhere to guidelines for preventing sexual transmission, especially for travelers to affected areas or partners of returnees.