2018-部门战略_化肥_农业机械技术改造与企业升级换代（英文版）-8mb

Sectoral Strategy Summary: Technological and Enterprise Upgrading of Fertilizers and Agricultural Machinery

Core Content

This document outlines the Sectoral Strategy for the Technological and Enterprise Upgrading Programme in Cuba, focusing on the fertilizers and agricultural machinery sectors. The initiative, supported by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and funded by the Russian Federation, aims to enhance industrial competitiveness, sustainability, and food security in Cuba.

Main Goals

• Improve the business environment and industrial competitiveness.
• Attract foreign investment to support local industry.
• Reduce dependency on imports by strengthening local production of fertilizers and agricultural machinery.
• Enhance food production and nutritional quality for both local populations and tourists.
• Align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).

Structure of the Supporting Project

The project is structured into three main modules:

1. Sectoral Analysis – Identifying key crops, fertilizer requirements, and machinery needs.
2. Feasibility and Engineering Studies – Assessing the necessary infrastructure and processes.
3. Procurement and Implementation – Establishing the required production capacities and support systems.

The Cuba Industrial Upgrading and Modernization Programme (Cuba IUMP) was officially launched in June 2016 during the Cuba Industria 2016 event. It is aligned with the UNIDO Country Programme Framework (CPF) for 2016-2020, signed in December 2015.

Key Sectors and Challenges

Agricultural Industry and Food Production

• Food imports account for 80% of demand, despite Cuba's natural resources.
• Tourism increases pressure on food supply, requiring high-quality products.
• Agricultural productivity is low due to outdated technology and limited access to inputs.
• Domestic agricultural production remains below consumption levels, leading to a reliance on imports.

Mineral Fertilizers

• Domestic production of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash-based fertilizers is limited.
• Fertilizer consumption is increasing, but mostly imported.
• Major producers are October Revolution Camagüey and Rayonitro, with limited capacities.
• Import dependency is high, which affects trade balance and economic sustainability.

Agricultural Machinery

• Limited domestic production of machinery and equipment.
• High import reliance for mechanized tools and equipment.
• Existing local facilities are underutilized and inefficient.
• Lack of technical expertise and best practices hinders productivity and competitiveness.
• Support from institutions is insufficient to meet industry needs.

Sectoral Analysis Findings

Prioritized Crops

• Rice and Maize are the top priorities for fertilization.
• These crops require specific fertilizer inputs and machinery support to improve yield and efficiency.

Important Crops

• Beans and Vegetables are also key for improving food security and nutrition.
• These crops benefit from the modernization of the fertilizer industry.

Fertilization Strategy

• A liquid fertilization system based on soluble bases (e.g., calcium and magnesium) is proposed.
• This system aims to replace current imports and align with Cuban technical know-how and international best practices.
• It includes the installation of equipment and processes within the project budget.

Strategic Outlook

• The strategy is pragmatic, focusing on two production units and complete fertilization processes.
• It supports sustainable development and local economic growth.
• The analysis helps to identify improvement levers for the agricultural and industrial sectors.

Conclusion

The sectoral analysis is a milestone in the Cuba IUMP, enabling the identification of key inputs and strategic interventions. It contributes to capacity building, policy development, and enterprise support. The project aims to strengthen the local food supply, reduce trade deficits, and enhance industrial efficiency through modernization and technological upgrades.

Key Points

• Food security is a primary focus, driven by the need to reduce import dependency.
• Tourism plays a critical role in increasing food demand and foreign currency inflow.
• Fertilizer and machinery sectors are key to improving agricultural productivity.
• UNIDO and Russian Federation are the main supporters of the project.
• The strategy emphasizes local production, technical capacity, and international collaboration.

Acronyms

• UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organization
• MINDUS: Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Cuba
• MINCEX: Ministry of Foreign Trade and Investment of the Republic of Cuba
• GEIQ: Cuban Chemical Industry Enterprise Group
• GESIME: Cuban Ferrous Metallurgy and Machine-Building Enterprise Group
• CIIQ: Centre for Engineering and Chemical Research
• CEDEMA: Development Centre for Agricultural Machinery

Disclaimer

This document is produced without formal UNIDO editing. It does not imply any judgment on the legal status of countries or regions. The designations used are for statistical convenience only.