亚开行-印度尼西亚城市贫民的恢复力建设（英）-2022.1-120页_5mb

Summary of "Building Resilience of the Urban Poor in Indonesia"

Core Content

This report discusses the integration of climate resilience and poverty reduction in Indonesia, emphasizing the need for coordinated and inclusive actions to address the disproportionate impact of climate and disaster risks on the urban poor. It outlines a comprehensive framework for building resilience in urban areas, focusing on five priority policy areas and three enabling factors: governance, data, and finance.

Main Points

• Climate and Poverty Nexus: Climate change poses significant risks to Indonesia's socioeconomic development and threatens the well-being of the urban poor. Climate shocks and stresses can push near-poor populations into poverty and exacerbate existing inequalities.

• Urban Vulnerability: Urban areas, home to nearly 55% of Indonesia's population, are highly exposed to climate-induced hazards such as extreme weather, sea level rise, and urban heat island effects. Poor and near-poor communities often reside in slums and informal settlements with inadequate housing and basic services, making them more vulnerable to climate impacts.

• Policy Alignment: The report aligns with the National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020–2024 and the Climate Resilience Development Policy (PBI) 2020–2045. It advocates for a holistic and integrated approach to urban development that prioritizes the needs of the urban poor.

• Resilience Framework: The report proposes a framework centered on five key policy areas:

  • Adaptive and Shock-Responsive Social Protection
  • Sustainable Livelihoods
  • Effective Public Health System
  • Safe Housing
  • Robust Community Infrastructure

• Enabling Factors: The success of resilience-building efforts depends on:

  • Governance: Decentralized and inclusive governance structures that allow local decision-making and integration of climate risk into policies.
  • Data: Availability and use of climate, disaster, and poverty data to inform planning and implementation.
  • Finance: Securing and scaling up financial resources, including innovative financing mechanisms, to support resilience initiatives.

Key Information

1. Resilience through Adaptive and Shock-Responsive Social Protection

• Social protection systems must be designed to respond to both immediate and long-term climate risks.
• Integration of climate risk data into social protection databases is essential.
• Labor market programs and disaster insurance can support the urban poor in coping with climate shocks.
• The government has initiated an Adaptive Social Protection Roadmap as part of its climate resilience strategy.

2. Resilience through Sustainable Livelihoods

• Climate change affects the assets and capital of the urban poor, including natural, physical, financial, and human capital.
• Actions include introducing targeted livelihood policies, strengthening skills and education, and promoting microfinance programs that are disaster-resilient.
• The report emphasizes the need to support micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) through business continuity planning and disaster insurance.

3. Resilience through Effective Public Health System

• Climate change can lead to increased heat stress, vector-borne, and waterborne diseases.
• Public health systems must be strengthened to address these risks, including early warning systems and climate-informed health policies.
• Integration of climate risk into health, housing, and basic services programs is necessary to improve community preparedness and response.

4. Resilience through Safe Housing

• Poor housing in urban areas is vulnerable to natural hazards due to weak construction and substandard materials.
• Measures include promoting risk-informed housing policies, improving infrastructure resilience, and supporting microfinance for housing development.
• Community-led approaches such as participatory redevelopment and land purchase initiatives are recommended to ensure inclusivity and sustainability.

5. Resilience through Robust Community Infrastructure

• Community infrastructure such as water supply, sanitation, drainage, and roads is critical for resilience.
• The report advocates for climate-resilient infrastructure planning, including water recycling, green infrastructure, and sustainable source management.
• The RPJMN 2020–2024 targets 10 million clean water connections and 90% sanitation access.

Strategic Investments

• Awareness and Education: Increasing awareness of future climate risks among urban poor populations.
• Policy Integration: Ensuring climate policies recognize and address the underlying drivers of vulnerability.
• "No Regret" Solutions: Scaling up investments in low or no-regret solutions that provide long-term benefits.
• New Programs: Developing new programs to support the urban poor in building resilience.
• Financial Systems: Strengthening financial systems and products to promote resilience and economic inclusion.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of a multi-sectoral, inclusive, and adaptive approach to building climate resilience for the urban poor in Indonesia. It highlights the need for collaboration across government levels, the integration of climate risk into policy and planning, and the development of scalable and sustainable solutions. The framework presented provides a roadmap for achieving both poverty reduction and climate resilience in Indonesia's rapidly urbanizing society.

Additional Notes

• The report was prepared as part of the ADB's regional technical assistance project, "Advancing Inclusive and Resilient Urban Development Targeted at the Urban Poor."
• It includes contributions from various experts and institutions, including the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
• The report is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license, allowing for use and adaptation with proper attribution.