全球能源创新现状2025（英）_212页_17mb

The State of Energy Innovation 2025

Introduction

• The IEA promotes energy technology innovation to enhance reliability, affordability, and sustainability.
• Recent developments show rapid progress in key areas despite geopolitical and financial challenges.
• Annual highlights document significant advancements across various energy technologies.

Recent Global Innovation Highlights

• Energy Demand and Fossil Fuel Technologies: Declined slightly in patenting and investment due to climate policies.
• Energy Storage: Perovskite solar cells achieved higher efficiency through AI.
• New Energy Technologies: Battery storage capacity expanded significantly, with new chemistries like potassium-ion gaining attention.

Tracking Public R&D, Corporate R&D, Venture Capital

• Public R&D: Spent USD 50 billion globally in 2023, with China and the US leading.
• Corporate R&D: Increased by 7% annually, driven by companies like BYD and Tesla.
• Venture Capital: Investments dropped 23% in 2024, though areas like energy storage remained strong.

Demonstrations, Patents, and Awards

• Demonstration Projects: 580 active projects globally, with significant progress in fusion, green hydrogen, and carbon capture.
• Patents: Strong growth in AI applications, with 50% more low-emissions energy patents in 2023.
• Awards: Recognized innovations in hydrogen technology, perovskite PV, and grid storage.

Races to Firsts

• 18 "Races to Firsts" were announced, focusing on critical technologies like fusion energy and carbon dioxide removal (CDR).

Policy Progress

• Government Policies: Increased focus on AI-driven energy innovation and accessible testing facilities.
• Market Creation: Offitte contracts and public procurement support new technologies like battery recycling and direct air capture (DAC).

Focus: Innovation to Improve Battery Minerals Supplies

• Chemistry Development: Shift from lithium-nickel-cobalt to lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) batteries reduces critical mineral demand.
• Recycling: Advances in graphite and rare earth element recovery from batteries.

Focus: Artificial Intelligence for Energy Technology Innovation

• Accelerated Materials Discovery: AI enhances battery and catalyst design, with self-driving labs emerging.
• Digital Twins: Used for optimizing complex projects like nuclear fusion.

Focus: Innovation to Cut Carbon Dioxide Removal Costs

• Technologies: CDR portfolio includes BECCS, DAC, and mineralisation, facing MRV challenges.

Annexes

• A: Stakeholder Survey: Responses gathered from experts across multiple technology areas.
• B: Currency Conversions: Use of USD and averages.
• C: Acronyms: FF
• D: Glossary: Defined terms.