2012年-世界发展银行全球_More_than_Mainstreaming___Promoting_Gender_Equality_and_Empowering_Women_through_Post-Disaster_Reconstruction_103页_2mb

Summary of MDF-JRF Working Paper Series: Lessons Learned from Post-Disaster Reconstruction in Indonesia

Core Content

This working paper, titled More than Mainstreaming: Promoting Gender Equality and Empowering Women through Post-Disaster Reconstruction, is part of the MDF-JRF Working Paper Series, which documents the lessons learned from post-disaster recovery in Indonesia. The paper highlights the importance of integrating gender-sensitive approaches into disaster reconstruction and presents examples from the MDF (Multi Donor Fund for Aceh and Nias) and JRF (Java Reconstruction Fund) to illustrate effective strategies for women's empowerment and gender equality.

Main Points

Overview of the MDF and JRF

• The MDF and JRF are successful post-disaster reconstruction models in Indonesia.
• Both funds were established to support recovery after major disasters, including the 2004 Aceh and Nias earthquake and tsunami, the 2005 earthquake, the 2006 Java earthquake and tsunami, and the 2010 Mount Merapi volcanic eruptions.
• The World Bank serves as the Trustee for both funds, and the MDF-JRF Secretariat is responsible for managing and coordinating the programs.

Key Disasters in Indonesia

• December 2004: Earthquake and Tsunami in Aceh – 221,000 people killed, over 500,000 displaced, estimated damages: $6.2 billion.
• March 2005: Earthquake in Aceh and North Sumatra – 1,000 people died, 50,000 displaced, estimated damages: $3.1 billion.
• May 2006: Earthquake in Java – 5,700 people died, 280,000 homes destroyed, estimated damages: $3.1 billion.
• July 2006: West Java Tsunami – 650 people died, 28,000 displaced, estimated damages: $112 million.
• October–November 2010: Mount Merapi Volcanic Eruptions – 300 people died, 350,000 displaced, estimated damages: $360 million.

MDF and JRF Contributions

• The MDF was established in April 2005 with $655 million in contributions from 15 donors, representing nearly 10% of total reconstruction funds.
• The JRF was modeled after the MDF and supported reconstruction in Java after the 2006 earthquake.
• The MDF funded 23 projects across six outcome areas: Community Recovery, Infrastructure and Transport, Economic Development and Livelihoods, Governance and Capacity Building, Environmental Sustainability, and Disaster Risk Reduction.

Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment

• The paper emphasizes that post-disaster reconstruction is not just about physical rebuilding but also about empowering communities, especially women.
• It documents the role of women in decision-making, community planning, and the prioritization of needs.
• It highlights the importance of ensuring women's access to information, agency, and participation in reconstruction processes.
• The paper also discusses women's economic empowerment, including access to jobs and reconstruction benefits.
• It provides recommendations for mainstreaming gender-sensitive approaches in future reconstruction efforts.

Key Information

MDF Donors and Contributions

MDF Projects

1. Recovery of Communities ($202 million)

• Rekompak: Rebuilt nearly 15,000 houses and restored infrastructure in 180 villages.
• KDP (Kecamatan Development Project): Supported rural infrastructure and provided business training and loans.
• UPP (Urban Poverty Program): Rehabilitated urban infrastructure and provided scholarships.
• KRRP (Kecamatan-Based Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Planning in Nias): Rebuilt houses, schools, and village infrastructure.
• RALAS (Aceh Land Administration System): Restored land property rights and issued over 220,000 land title certificates, with nearly one-third to women.

2. Recovery of Large Infrastructure and Transport ($217 million)

• BAFMP (Banda Aceh Flood Mitigation Project): Repaired drainage systems to prevent future flooding.
• IREP and IRFF: Planned and built roads, water systems, and bridges.
• LCRMP (Lamno-Calang Road Maintenance Project): Ensured access to tsunami-affected communities.
• SDLP (Sea Delivery and Logistics Programme): Improved port management and disaster risk reduction.
• TRPRP (Tsunami Recovery Port Redevelopment Programme): Rehabilitated ports for better access to isolated communities.
• RACBP (Rural Access and Capacity Building Project): Enhanced rural transport infrastructure and included a cultural heritage component.

3. Economic Development and Livelihoods ($58 million)

• EDFF (Aceh Economic Development Financing Facility): Supported growth in key sectors like coffee, cocoa, and fisheries.
• LEDP (Nias Islands Livelihoods and Economic Development Program): Improved technical and business skills and supported local government capacity.

4. Strengthening Governance and Capacity Building ($40 million)

• The MDF supported capacity building in governance and local administration to ensure effective implementation of reconstruction efforts.

5. Environmental Sustainability

• Environmental sustainability was a key focus in the MDF's projects, with efforts to restore and protect natural resources and ecosystems.

6. Disaster Risk Reduction

• The MDF and JRF emphasized disaster risk reduction as a long-term strategy to build resilience in communities.

Conclusion

The MDF-JRF Working Paper Series documents the successful recovery efforts in Indonesia following multiple disasters. This particular working paper highlights the importance of promoting gender equality and women's empowerment in post-disaster reconstruction. By ensuring women's participation, access to resources, and economic opportunities, the MDF and JRF have demonstrated how gender-sensitive approaches can lead to more inclusive and effective recovery processes. The lessons from these programs can be applied to other disaster-affected regions to create more resilient and equitable communities.