世界银行-海地无人机发展现状及未来前景（英）-2025_73页_13mb

Summary of "The Current State and Future Prospects of Drones for Development in Haiti"

Core Content

This report, prepared by PwC for the World Bank Group and the Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF), evaluates the current state of the drone ecosystem in Haiti and outlines a roadmap for its development. It explores the potential of drones in various sectors, including disaster management, healthcare, agriculture, and infrastructure, while also addressing the regulatory, technological, and institutional challenges that hinder their adoption.

Main Points

1. Haiti's Development Context

• Haiti is a low-income country (LIC) with a population of nearly 11.5 million and a GNI per capita of $1,420 in 2021.
• The country has historically faced low levels of human development, ranking 163 out of 191 nations in 2021.
• Political instability, violence, and natural disasters have led to three consecutive years of economic contraction (2019–2021).
• Over 59% of the population lives below the poverty line with limited access to basic services and high dependence on development aid.
• The country is highly unequal, with over two-thirds of the poor living in rural areas, which are poorly connected and face significant challenges in access to healthcare, education, and infrastructure.

2. Current Drone Ecosystem in Haiti

• The drone ecosystem in Haiti is in its early stages of development.
• There is a lack of specific regulations for drone use, and the country follows ICAO recommendations.
• Limited technological maturity and few players in the sector are currently present.
• Drones are mainly used for disaster response and humanitarian purposes, with some pilot programs in healthcare, infrastructure, and environmental monitoring.

3. Key Use Cases of Drones in Haiti

• Healthcare: Drones are being used for medical supply delivery, especially in remote or disaster-affected areas.
• Disaster Management: UAS technologies help in mapping affected areas, tracking displaced populations, and managing relief efforts.
• Infrastructure Resilience: Drones are used for mapping and monitoring infrastructure, including roads, to improve maintenance and planning.
• Agriculture: Precision agriculture services are being explored to improve crop monitoring and resource management.
• Environmental Protection: Drones are used for mapping mangroves, forests, and informal settlements, supporting reforestation and land use planning.
• Connectivity: Initiatives like the "Flying COW" by AT&T have used drones to provide internet coverage during disasters and other emergencies.

4. Challenges and Opportunities

• The biggest challenges include limited transport infrastructure, poor connectivity, and the lack of a regulatory framework for drones.
• Political instability, violence, and natural disasters continue to impact the country's development trajectory.
• Opportunities for drone adoption are significant, especially in areas where traditional methods are inefficient or inaccessible.

5. Regulatory and Institutional Landscape

• The National Office of Civil Aviation (OFNAC), established in 1980, is responsible for regulating air transport in Haiti.
• OFNAC has been working on updating regulations, including 22 new ones developed in 2022 with support from the World Bank and FRACS.
• There is a need for a comprehensive regulatory framework to support the safe and efficient use of drones.

6. Development Roadmap

• The report proposes a five-year development roadmap to enhance the drone ecosystem in Haiti.
• It includes recommendations for government and stakeholder engagement, regulatory development, awareness campaigns, and the promotion of digitalisation.
• Initiatives such as the Haiti Flying Labs and partnerships with international organisations like the IOM and UNDP are highlighted as key enablers for drone adoption.

Key Recommendations

• Develop a clear and comprehensive regulatory framework for drones.
• Foster collaboration between public and private sectors to support drone innovation and adoption.
• Increase awareness and capacity-building around drone technology.
• Promote the use of drones in critical sectors such as healthcare, agriculture, and disaster management.
• Encourage investment in the drone industry, particularly from international partners, to support sustainable development.

Conclusion

Haiti has significant potential to benefit from the adoption of drones in various development sectors. Despite being at an early stage in drone ecosystem development, the country can leverage existing initiatives and partnerships to unlock the technology's potential. A strategic and inclusive approach, involving both local and international stakeholders, is essential to ensure the sustainable growth of the drone industry and its impact on the country's development trajectory.