深度报告-2026-06-03-世界卫生组织-Iraq_Essential_Drugs_List_2023_English_54页_1mb

NCDS (National Committee for Drug Selection) 总结

核心内容

NCDS 是一个国家药品选择委员会，其主要任务是制定和维护国家基本药物清单（Essential Drugs List），以确保医疗系统中使用药物的安全性、有效性和可及性。该清单涵盖了多个系统，包括心血管系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、中枢神经系统等，并提供了每种药物的编号、名称、剂量形式及使用注意事项。

主要观点

• 药品分类清晰：清单按照系统分类，如心血管、消化、呼吸、中枢神经等，便于药品管理和使用。
• 药品使用规范：部分药品标注了使用场景，如“仅限于初级卫生保健”或“仅限于重症监护”，确保合理用药。
• 药品形式多样：包括片剂、注射剂、缓释剂、胶囊、溶液等，满足不同临床需求。
• 药品管理与控制：部分药物受到特殊管理，如需使用特定设备或仅限特定医疗机构使用。

关键信息

心血管系统 (1)

• 正性肌力药物：

  • Digoxin 250 mcg scored Tablet
  • Digoxin 250 mcg/ml (2ml) Ampoule

• 利尿剂：

  • Furosemide 20mg/2ml Ampoule (IV, IM, 或 slow IV, IM)
  • Furosemide 40mg Tablet
  • Hydrochlorothiazide 50mg scored Tablet
  • Spironolactone 25mg Tablet

• β-肾上腺素能阻断剂：

  • Carvedilol 6.25mg Tablet
  • Propranolol hydrochloride 1mg/ml slow IV (1ml Ampoule)
  • Propranolol hydrochloride 40mg Tablet
  • Labetalol hydrochloride 5mg/ml (20ml Ampoule) 或 Vial
  • Metoprolol tartrate 1mg/1ml (5ml Ampoule) IV
  • Metoprolol tartrate 50mg Tablet
  • Carvedilol 25mg Tablet

• 抗心律失常药物：

  • Adenosine 3mg/ml (2ml) Vial 或 Ampoule
  • Amiodarone hydrochloride 50mg/ml (3ml) Ampoule
  • Amiodarone hydrochloride 200mg Tablet
  • Verapamil hydrochloride 2.5mg/ml (2ml) Ampoule (slow IV)
  • Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% 20mg/ml 2ml Ampoule

• 抗高血压药物：

  • Captopril 25mg Tablet
  • Hydralazine hydrochloride 20mg/ Ampoule (IV, Infusion 或 slow IV)
  • Methyldopa 250mg Tablet
  • Losartan potassium 50mg Tablet
  • Bosentan (as monohydrate) 125mg Tablet
  • Lisinopril (as base or anhydrous or dihydrate) 10mg Tablet
  • Metoprolol tartrate 50mg Tablet

• 血管扩张剂：

  • Amlodipine (as besylate) 5 mg tablet 或 capsule
  • Diltiazem hydrochloride 60 mg tablet 或 capsule
  • Glyceryl trinitrate 0.5mg sublingual Tablet
  • Isosorbide mononitrate 10mg Tablet
  • Nimodipine 30mg Tablet
  • Glyceryl trinitrate 5mg/ml (5ml) Ampoule 或 vial（需与 01-F00-069 一起使用）

• 拟交感神经药物：

  • Dobutamine (as hydrochloride) 250 mg/vial 或 Ampoule (IV infusion)
  • Dopamine hydrochloride 40mg/ml (5ml) Ampoule 或 vial
  • Ephedrine hydrochloride 3% (30 mg / ml) 1ml ampoule (slow IV)
  • Noradrenaline Acid Tartrate 2mg/ml (2 ml or 4ml ampoule)（用于重症监护）
  • Phenylephrine hydrochloride 50 μg / ml solution for IV injection (10 ml ampoule)

消化系统 (2)

• 抗酸药：

  • Aluminium hydroxide 225mg + Magnesium hydroxide 200mg + Simethicone 25mg -30 /5ml Suspension

• 抗痉挛药：

  • Hyoscine butylbromide 1mg/ml Syrup
  • Hyoscine butylbromide 20mg/ml (1ml) Ampoule (IM, slow IV, SC 或 IM)
  • Hyoscine butylbromide 10mg Tablet

• 促进胃溃疡愈合的药物：

  • Omeprazole (as sodium salt) 40mg powder for reconstitution (IV injection over 5 minutes)
  • Esomeprazole (as sodium) 40mg powder for solution (IV or IV infusion)
  • Omeprazole 20mg Enteric Coated pellets in capsule 或 Enteric Coated Tablet

• 止泻药：

  • Diphenoxylate hydrochloride 2.5mg + Atropine sulphate 25mcg Tablet
  • Glucose anhydrous 13.5g + Sodium Chloride 2.6g + Tri sodium citrate dihydrate 2.9g + Potassium chloride 1.5g (Oral powder)

• 慢性腹泻治疗药物：

  • Mesalazine enema (suspension 1gm/100ml 或 foam 1gm/application)
  • Mesalazine 500mg modified release tablet 或 capsule

• 缓泻剂：

  • Bisacodyl 10mg Suppository (adult)
  • Bisacodyl 5mg Enteric Coated Tablet
  • Lactulose 3.1-3.7g/5ml, Syrup

• 影响肠道分泌的药物：

  • Ursodeoxycholic acid 300mg Tablet 或 Capsule

• 直接作用的解痉药：

  • Mebeverine hydrochloride 135mg Tablet

呼吸系统 (3)

• 支气管扩张剂：

  • Aminophylline dihydrate 25mg/1ml (10 ml ampoule) IV injection
  • Salbutamol Nebules (Respirator solution) 0.5% w/v 20ml 或 30ml
  • Salbutamol (as sulphate) 2mg/5ml Syrup
  • Salbutamol aerosol (as base) 100mcg/metered inhalation

• 抗组胺药：

  • Chlorpheniramine maleate 2 mg/5ml Syrup
  • Chlorpheniramine maleate 4mg Tablet
  • Diphenhydramine hydrochloride 10mg/ml IM, IV (1ml Ampoule)

• 镇咳药：

  • Glyceryl guaiacolate 50mg + Chlorpheniramine maleate 1mg + Phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5mg/5ml Syrup

• 其他呼吸系统药物：

  • Phospholipids 25 mg (derived from bovine lung lipid extract) Beractant + sodium chloride 9mg in water for injection (single dose vial of 4ml)
  • Aprepitant 125mg Capsule 或 80mg Capsule (用于恶心和眩晕)

中枢神经系统 (4)

• 镇静剂和抗焦虑药：

  • Chlordiazepoxide 5mg Tablet
  • Diazepam 5mg/ml (2ml) Ampoule
  • Diazepam 5mg Tablet
  • Lorazepam 2mg scored Tablet

• 抗精神病药：

  • Chlorpromazine hydrochloride 100mg Tablet
  • Chlorpromazine hydrochloride 25mg/ml (2ml) Ampoule (IV, IM)
  • Fluphenazine decanoate depot injection 25mg/ml (1ml) Ampoule
  • Haloperidol 5mg Tablet
  • Haloperidol 5mg/ml (1ml ampoule)
  • Olanzapine 5mg Tablet
  • Risperidone 2mg Tablet
  • Risperidone liquid oral solution 1mg/ml
  • Lithium carbonate 400mg controlled release Tablet

• 抗抑郁药：

  • Amitriptyline hydrochloride 25mg Tablet
  • Clomipramine hydrochloride 25mg Tablet
  • Fluoxetine (as hydrochloride) 20mg film coated Tablet 或 capsule
  • Escitalopram (as oxalate) tablet 10mg
  • Mirtazapine 30mg Tablet
  • Carbamazepine 200mg Tablet
  • Clonazepam 0.5mg Tablet
  • Gabapentin 300mg Capsule 或 Tablet
  • Phenobarbitone sodium 200mg/ml (1ml) Ampoule (IM, IV)
  • Phenobarbitone 15mg Tablet
  • Phenytoin sodium 50mg/ml (5ml) Ampoule
  • Sodium valproate 200 mg Tablet 或 (enteric coated)
  • Sodium valproate (Powder) 400mg Vial with 4ml ampoule water for injection
  • Sodium valproate solution 200mg/ml Drop
  • Carbamazepine 100mg/5ml liquid
  • Topiramate 50mg tablet

• 帕金森病药物：

  • Levodopa 250mg + Carbidopa (as monohydrate) or (anhydrous) 25mg Tablet
  • Procyclidine hydrochloride 5mg Tablet

• 骨骼肌松弛剂：

  • Baclofen 10mg Tablet

• 物质依赖治疗药物：

  • Acamprosate calcium 333mg tablet
  • Naltrexone hydrochloride 50mg tablet（仅限于治疗阿片类药物依赖）

• 痴呆药物：

  • Memantine hydrochloride 10mg Tablet（用于中度和重度痴呆）

• 免疫调节剂：

  • Fingolimod (as hydrochloride) 0.5 mg capsule（用于感染治疗的第二线药物）

抗生素 (5)

• 青霉素类：

  • Amoxycillin (as trihydrate) 500mg Capsule 或 Tablet
  • Amoxycillin (as trihydrate) 250mg/5ml Powder for oral suspension (100ml)
  • Amoxycillin (as sodium) 500mg Vial (IV, IM)
  • Amoxycillin (as trihydrate) 500mg+ Clavulanic acid (as potassium salt) 125mg Tablet (co amoxiclav 500 /125)
  • Amoxycillin (as trihydrate) 250mg+ Clavulanic acid (as potassium salt) 62.5mg/5ml Powder for oral suspension (co amoxiclav 250 /62.5)
  • Tazobactam (as sodium salt) 500mg + piperacillin (as sodium salt) 4gm IV infusion（需与 EDTA 一起使用）
  • Flucloxacillin (as sodium) 500mg Vial (IM, IV 等)

• 头孢菌素类：

  • Cephalexin (as monohydrate) eq. to 500 mg anhydrous (Cephalexin 500 mg) capsule
  • Cephalexin (as monohydrate) 250mg/5ml Powder for oral suspension (100ml)
  • Ceftazidime (as pentahydrate) 1g IV Injection + solvent water for injection（需使用碳酸盐或甘氨酸配方）