2003年-世界发展银行全球_Tobacco_Control_Policy_Control_Policy___Strategies_Successes_and_Setbacks_212页_194mb

Tobacco Control Policy: Strategies, Successes, and Setbacks

Core Content

This book, Tobacco Control Policy: Strategies, Successes, and Setbacks, edited by Joy de Beyer and Linda Waverley Brigden, presents case studies from six countries—Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Poland, South Africa, and Thailand. These countries were selected to represent a diverse range of development stages and tobacco control experiences. The book explores the challenges, successes, and lessons learned in implementing effective tobacco control policies.

The core content of the book includes:

• The global impact of tobacco use, emphasizing its role as a leading preventable cause of death and disability.
• The shift in tobacco-related health burdens from high-income to low- and middle-income countries.
• The influence of tobacco industry advertising and economic interests on public health outcomes.
• The effectiveness of policies such as taxation, advertising bans, public health education, and legislation in reducing tobacco use and its health consequences.

Main Points and Key Information

Global Tobacco Epidemic

• Tobacco use is a major cause of preventable disease and death.
• In 2000, 4.9 million people worldwide died due to tobacco-related illnesses, with about half dying prematurely.
• Developing countries are now the epicenter of the tobacco epidemic, accounting for over half of global tobacco-related deaths and disease burden.
• By 2025, this proportion is expected to rise to 70% due to increasing smoking rates in low- and middle-income countries and decreasing rates in high-income ones.

Tobacco Control Strategies

• Effective strategies include:
  • Raising tobacco taxes to increase prices.
  • Banning tobacco advertising and promotion.
  • Implementing strong public health warnings on cigarette packages.
  • Encouraging quitting through professional and peer support.
• These strategies have been shown to be cost-effective and have contributed to a decline in smoking rates in several countries.

Country-Specific Contexts

• Bangladesh: A case of grassroots activism and government collaboration in the face of a growing tobacco epidemic.
• Brazil: A story of government leadership and the development of a comprehensive national tobacco control program.
• Canada: A history of legislative and public health efforts, including the impact of a generation gap and the role of advocacy.
• Poland: A significant reduction in smoking prevalence due to public health campaigns and tobacco control legislation.
• South Africa: The impact of political change and the development of new tobacco control policies after the end of apartheid.
• Thailand: A detailed account of how tobacco control policies were tailored to local conditions, including the role of the media and public health organizations.

Common Threads and Lessons

• Tobacco control is a complex, multi-faceted issue that requires collaboration between governments, civil society, and public health advocates.
• Public health education and awareness campaigns are essential in changing social norms and reducing smoking.
• Strong legislation and enforcement are critical in curbing tobacco use.
• The tobacco industry often opposes control efforts, using economic and political influence to resist changes.
• Tobacco control policies can be adapted to local contexts, leading to sustainable and effective outcomes.

Structure of the Book

Table of Contents

• Foreword: Highlights the severity of the tobacco epidemic and the importance of international cooperation in tobacco control.
• Preface: Explains the purpose of the book and the rationale for selecting the six countries.
• Acknowledgments: Recognizes the organizations and individuals who supported the publication.
• Contributors: Lists the authors and their backgrounds.
• Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Data Note: Provides definitions of key terms and notes on data sources and currency conversions.
• Country Case Studies:
  • Chapter 1: Overview of the global tobacco epidemic and the rationale for selecting the six countries.
  • Chapter 2: Bangladesh's tobacco control journey.
  • Chapter 3: Brazil's government-led tobacco control efforts.
  • Chapter 4: Canada's legislative and economic approaches to tobacco control.
  • Chapter 5: Poland's experience with democracy and tobacco control.
  • Chapter 6: South Africa's political transformation and tobacco control policies.
  • Chapter 7: Thailand's tailored tobacco control strategies.
• Index and Figures: Includes visual data on tobacco-related deaths and health impacts.

Conclusion

The book provides a comprehensive and insightful look at the global tobacco control landscape. It underscores the importance of sustained, determined efforts in the face of powerful opposition from the tobacco industry. The case studies highlight the diversity of approaches and the adaptability of tobacco control strategies across different countries and contexts. The ultimate goal is to reduce tobacco use, prevent unnecessary deaths and disease, and promote public health through evidence-based policies and strong advocacy.