净零未来中的氢能存储-43页_1mb

Hydrogen storage is crucial for a net-zero carbon future due to supply-demand imbalances and renewable integration. The paper evaluates six main storage types:

• Pure hydrogen storage (compressed/liquefied) is mature but energy-intensive and faces safety issues.
• Synthetic hydrocarbons (e.g., SNG, gasoline) leverage existing infrastructure but require high production/dehydrogenation energy.
• Chemical hydrides (e.g., ammonia, methanol) offer easier storage but need carbon management.
• LOHCs are niche, with lower hydrogen density.
• Metal hydrides provide high density but slow kinetics and high weight.
• Porous materials show promise for future but low readiness.

Key investment barriers include high costs, demand uncertainty, policy gaps, and storage volume challenges. Business models like fixed-price contracts, capacity payments, or regulated returns can mitigate risks. Synthesis highlights that no single option is ideal; context-dependence on storage scale, location, and end-use drives technology choice. Policy support and business models are vital for overcoming investment barriers.