2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Monaco_2021_country_profile_10页_381kb

报告摘要

Monaco Country Profile Summary on Tobacco Control

Core Content Overview

Monaco's tobacco control efforts are outlined in the context of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The country has not signed or ratified the FCTC, but it has implemented some measures to monitor and reduce tobacco use. The MPOWER framework is used to evaluate compliance with tobacco control measures, with a score ranging from 0 to 10, where 10 indicates the highest level of compliance. Compliance is only assessed for the "P" (Smoke-free Environments) and "E" (Advertising Bans) components of MPOWER.

MPOWER Measures Summary

Monitoring (M)

Nationally representative surveys of adults: No known national surveys.
Nationally representative surveys of adolescents: Yes, conducted by the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) in 2019, targeting ages 15-16.
Tobacco use prevalence (as of 31 December 2020):
- Cigarette smoking:
  - Male: 21.0% current, no daily data.
  - Female: 18.0% current, no daily data.
  - Both sexes: 20.0% current, no daily data.
- E-cigarette use:
  - Male: 42.0% current, no daily data.
  - Female: 41.0% current, no daily data.
  - Both sexes: 41.0% current, no daily data.

Smoke-Free Environments (P)

Smoke-free laws:
- Health-care facilities: Partial compliance (☆).
- Educational facilities (excluding universities): Complete compliance (Yes).
- Universities: Complete compliance (Yes).
- Government facilities: Partial compliance (☆).
- Indoor offices and workplaces: Partial compliance (☆).
- Restaurants, cafés, pubs, bars, public transport: Partial compliance (☆).
- All other public places: No data.
Compliance score: Not available.
Fines for violations: Yes for both establishment and smoker.
Enforcement funds: No.
Complaint system: No.
Special note: Monaco has strengthened its tobacco control program, particularly by increasing time-slots for tobacco use consultation at Princess Grace Hospital.

Cessation Programmes (O)

Smoking cessation support:
- Health clinics or other primary care facilities: No data.
- Hospitals: Yes in most.
- Office of a health professional: Yes in most.
- In the community: No data.
- Other: No data.
Health insurance coverage:
- Health clinics or other primary care facilities: No data.
- Hospitals: Partial.
- Office of a health professional: Partial.
- In the community: No data.
- Other: No data.

Health Warnings (E)

Health warnings on tobacco packages:
- Mandated health warnings: No.
- Percentage of principal display areas: No data.
- Health warnings include photographs or graphics: No data.
- Health warnings on each package and outside packaging: No data.
- Health warnings not obscured: No data.
- Health warnings describe harmful effects: No data.
- Specific health warnings approved: No data.
Note: All tobacco products in Monaco are imported from France, which has implemented large health warnings since 2016.

Mass Media (W)

Anti-tobacco mass media campaigns (2018-2020):
- National campaign: Yes.
- Aired on TV and radio: Yes.
- Research conducted: Yes.
- Materials tested: Yes.
- Air time secured: Yes.
- Monitoring of materials: Yes.
- Journalist collaboration: Yes.
- Campaign evaluation: Yes.
- Part of a comprehensive program: Yes.

Advertising Bans (E)

Bans on direct tobacco advertising:
- National TV and radio: No.
- International TV and radio: No.
- Local and international magazines/newspapers: No.
- Billboards and outdoor advertising: No.
- Point of sale advertising: No.
- Internet advertising: No.
- Other direct bans: No.
Bans on tobacco promotion and sponsorship:
- Free distribution: No.
- Promotional discounts: No.
- Non-tobacco products identified with tobacco brand names: No.
- Brand name of non-tobacco products used for tobacco products: No.
- Tobacco brands in TV/films: No.
- Tobacco products in TV/films: No.
- Anti-tobacco ads before/after tobacco content: No.
- Complete ban on sponsorship: No.
- Ban on sponsorship contributions: No.
- Ban on publicizing sponsorship: No.
- Ban on CSR activities: No.
- Tobacco companies publicizing CSR: No.
- Entities publicizing tobacco CSR: No.
- Tobacco companies funding prevention campaigns: No.
Tobacco products display at point of sale: No ban.
Tobacco vending machines: No complete ban.
Internet sales of tobacco products: No ban.

Taxation (R)

Price of lowest cost and premium brand of cigarettes (31 July 2020):
- Lowest cost brand: EUR 9.30 (tax inclusive).
- Premium brand: EUR 10.00 (tax inclusive).
Affordability of cigarettes:
- Cigarettes less affordable since 2010: Yes.
- Cigarettes more affordable since 2010: No.
- No trend change in affordability: No data.
Taxes on the most sold brand of cigarettes (2020):
- Price (in currency reported by country): EUR 10.00.
- Price (in US dollars): USD 11.85.
- Taxes on this brand (% of retail price): No data.
Taxes on other tobacco products:
- Roll Your Own (standardized to 20 grams): EUR 8.87.
- Smokeless tobacco (standardized to 20 grams): No data.
- Heated tobacco product (per 20 sticks): EUR 7.00.
E-liquid taxes:
- Cheapest brand of closed systems e-liquids (1 ml): EUR 4.29.
- Cheapest brand of open systems e-liquids (10 ml): EUR 3.00.
- Price (in US dollars): Closed systems (USD 5.08), Open systems (USD 3.55).
- Taxes on the cheapest brand: No data.

Earmarked Taxes for Health

Earmarking of tobacco taxes for health: No data reported.

Key Information

Monaco has not signed or ratified the WHO FCTC.
There are no subnational laws on smoke-free environments or tobacco advertising.
Tobacco use prevalence data for adults is not available, while data for adolescents is provided by ESPAD 2019.
Health warnings on tobacco packages are not mandated in Monaco.
Anti-tobacco mass media campaigns were conducted in 2018-2020 with good coverage and evaluation.
Cigarettes have become less affordable since 2010, as per the trend.
Tobacco taxation in Monaco includes value-added tax and other forms, but detailed breakdown is not available.
There is no evidence of earmarked tobacco taxes for health purposes.

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