世界银行-难民营难民的收容环境和福利_来自埃塞俄比亚的证据（英）-2025.4_26页_566kb

Welfare Disparities Between In-Camp Refugees and Host Communities in Ethiopia

Refugees displaced to camps in Ethiopia experience significant welfare gaps compared to host communities. Key findings from the 2023 Socio-Economic Survey of Refugees in Ethiopia show that in-camp refugees have approximately 60 percent lower consumption per capita and a 40 percentage points higher poverty rate than their host counterparts. These disparities are primarily driven by limited employment opportunities, dependency on humanitarian aid, and restricted access to better socioeconomic conditions.

The analysis used a fixed-effects model and additional regressions to explore factors like host community characteristics, including favorable environments with better services and positive attitudes, which correlate positively with refugee welfare but less so with labor outcomes due to barriers such as work restrictions. Refugees seeking employment outside camps demonstrate higher autonomy but often face limited formal job prospects, with only about 40 percent reporting better employment access compared to camp-based opportunities.

Policy recommendations emphasize expanding legal and practical access to employment outside camps to foster self-reliance, reduce aid dependency, and improve overall welfare for refugees while potentially benefiting host communities through inclusive economic strategies.