2018年-普华永道全球_Policing_in_a_networked_world_30页_2mb

Summary: Policing in a Networked World

Core Content

Policing is facing significant challenges in the 21st century due to technological advancements, societal changes, and budget constraints. The traditional model of policing, which has long been based on the "police station and patrol model," is no longer effective in addressing new, complex crime types that are increasingly hidden and borderless. These challenges include the rise of cybercrime, online fraud, and the need for proactive policing in response to evolving criminal behaviors and societal expectations.

Main Challenges

• Technological Disruption: The rapid digitization of society has enabled new forms of crime, such as cybercrime and online fraud, which are harder to detect and combat. Police must now analyze vast amounts of data from various sources, including body-worn cameras, CCTV, and social media, to effectively respond to these threats.

• Changing Societal Norms: Public expectations of policing have evolved. Citizens now demand protection in public, private, and online spaces. This includes a need for 24/7 availability and the ability to address issues beyond traditional crime, such as mental health and community engagement.

• Funding Constraints: Police budgets are under pressure, with a significant decline in real terms since 2010. This limits their ability to invest in technology, data analytics, and other critical areas needed to stay ahead of criminal networks.

• Legitimacy Gap: There is a growing risk of a legitimacy gap between law enforcement and the public. While public satisfaction with the police has remained steady in some regions, perceptions of declining performance and insufficient presence are on the rise.

• Rise of Complex Crime: The number of complex crimes (including sexual offences, fraud, and drug-related crimes) is increasing, especially in the context of online activity and global criminal networks. These crimes require a different approach to policing, one that is more data-driven and proactive.

• Need for Proactive Policing: With crime becoming more sophisticated and global, police must shift from reactive to proactive strategies. This involves leveraging technology and data to predict and prevent crime rather than just responding to it after it occurs.

Key Responses and Recommendations

To address these challenges, the report recommends six strategic design choices:

1. Align Strategy and Funding: Police must align their strategic direction with government to secure sustainable funding. This includes advocating for fair and transparent allocation of resources.

2. Create Agile Operating Networks: Establish flexible and responsive operating models that can adapt to the fast-changing nature of crime and society.

3. Balance Local, National, and International Capabilities: Ensure that resources and strategies are appropriately distributed across different levels of policing to effectively tackle both local and global issues.

4. Exploit Technology and Data: Leverage data analytics, algorithms, and digital tools to enhance predictive and proactive policing capabilities.

5. Build the Future Workforce: Recruit and develop a more diverse and skilled workforce that can handle the complexities of modern policing, including language and cultural competencies.

6. Embed Legal and Societal Responsibilities: Ensure that policing strategies are aligned with legal frameworks and societal values, particularly in the context of digital policing and community engagement.

Case Study Highlights

• Algorithms in Canada: The Vancouver Police Department uses predictive policing algorithms that analyze historical crime data, property values, traffic flows, and even graffiti rates to predict crime hotspots. This has led to a significant reduction in crime rates.

• Police Now in the UK: This initiative recruits university graduates with leadership potential to become police officers. These officers are trained to engage with communities, address broader societal issues, and build trust through better communication and understanding.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the urgent need for police organizations to modernize and adapt to the changing landscape of crime and society. It calls for a unified, ambitious, and sophisticated approach to policing that integrates technology, data, and community engagement. The goal is to ensure that law enforcement remains effective, relevant, and trusted in a networked world.