2009-12-31-世界卫生组织-2010_GATS_Country_Report_Ukraine_173页_6mb

Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Ukraine 2010 Summary

Core Content

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Ukraine 2010 was conducted in accordance with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) and aimed to collect comprehensive data on tobacco use and related issues. It was part of a broader effort to monitor and improve tobacco control policies in Ukraine and other countries.

The survey was carried out by a consortium of national and international partners, including the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS), the School of Public Health of the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (SPH NaUKMA), and the World Health Organization (WHO), with financial and technical support from the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

The survey collected data from 13,833 households, with a household response rate of 80.1% and an individual response rate of 95.1%. It focused on adults aged 15 years and older, covering various aspects of tobacco use, cessation, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), and the impact of tobacco on health and the economy.

Main Findings

Tobacco Use Prevalence

• 28.8% of adults (about 11.5 million) in Ukraine currently smoke.
• Men (50.0%) are more likely to smoke than women (11.2%).
• Daily smokers:
  • 45.4% of men and 8.9% of women smoke daily.
  • 67.2% of daily smokers consume more than half a pack (11 cigarettes) per day.
  • 11.6% of daily smokers consume more than 20 cigarettes per day.
• Cigarette consumption:
  • Estimated annual consumption of manufactured cigarettes in Ukraine is 64 billion.
  • Men consume more cigarettes per day than women (18.2 vs. 11.8).

Smoking Initiation

• Minimum legal age for purchasing tobacco is 18 years.
• 53.7% of daily smokers started smoking before the legal age.
• Men (56.9%) are more likely to start smoking before 18 than women (45.6%).
• Average initiation age:
  • Men: 16.8 years
  • Women: 18.2 years

Tobacco Dependency

• 45.5% of men smoke almost a pack a day.
• 14.1% of men are heavy smokers (more than a pack per day).
• 1.3% of women smoke more than a pack per day.
• 61.6% of daily smokers smoke within 30 minutes of waking.
• 22.3% smoke within 5 minutes of waking.
• Men (64.0%) are more likely than women (51.5%) to smoke within 30 minutes of waking.

Smoking Cessation

• 25.9% of ever daily smokers had quit smoking.
• 40.5% of smokers (current and former) had attempted to quit in the past year.
• Only 6.7% of those who tried to quit were successful.
• 32.3% of smokers visited a health care provider in the past 12 months.
• 74.0% of those asked about smoking were advised to quit.
• Only 6.3% of those advised to quit were successful.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)

• 34.0% of adults who worked indoors were exposed to SHS at their workplaces.
• 26.6% of non-smokers were exposed to SHS at their workplaces.
• 12.2 million adults (30.6%) lived in homes where smoking was allowed.
• Over 6 million non-smokers lived in such homes.
• 2.5 million non-smokers lived in homes where someone smoked at least daily.
• SHS exposure was highest in restaurants or cafes (64.1%), private workplaces (31.8%), universities (23.5%), public transportation (17.5%), and government buildings (10.2%).

Economic Impact

• 68.0% of current smokers bought cigarettes from stores.
• 26.8% purchased from kiosks.
• Only 3.0% bought from street vendors.
• Current daily smokers spent an average of 142.7 UAH per month on cigarettes.

Media and Advertising

• 66.0% of adults had seen anti-smoking messages in the past 30 days.
• Television (46.3%) had the highest exposure to anti-smoking messages, followed by billboards (24.7%), newspapers (23.5%), and healthcare facilities (21.4%).
• 96.6% of current smokers had seen health warnings on cigarette packages.
• 57.9% of these smokers considered quitting due to the warnings.
• 40.8% of adults had seen pro-cigarette advertisements in the past 30 days.
• Stores (20.5%) had the highest exposure to pro-cigarette ads.
• Young adults (15-24 years) had higher exposure to pro-cigarette ads than older adults (60.6% vs. 36.4%).

Key Information

Objectives

• To assess tobacco use prevalence and its health, economic, and social impacts.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control policies.
• To support the development of new national strategies for tobacco control.
• To provide baseline data for comparison with other countries implementing GATS.

Importance

• The GATS data supports the WHO MPOWER strategies for tobacco control.
• It confirms the significant reduction in smoking prevalence over the past five years in Ukraine:
  • From 67% to 50% among men.
  • From 20% to 11% among women.
• It highlights the need for stronger tobacco control policies and funding to continue this progress.

Contribution

• GATS provides international standard data for comparative analysis.
• It helps in policy development, evaluation, and public health education.
• The survey results are used to improve tobacco control measures and increase awareness of the health risks of smoking.

Recommendations

• Strengthen and adequately fund tobacco control policies.
• Expand smoke-free environments and enforce bans on tobacco advertising.
• Improve access to cessation services.
• Enhance public awareness of the dangers of tobacco use and secondhand smoke.
• Continue the implementation of GATS to monitor the effectiveness of interventions and track progress over time.

Conclusion

The GATS Ukraine 2010 provides valuable insights into the tobacco use landscape and the effectiveness of current policies. It supports the WHO FCTC and MPOWER strategies, and demonstrates that tobacco control measures in Ukraine are having a positive impact on reducing smoking prevalence and exposure to secondhand smoke. The survey results are a foundation for future policy development and public health initiatives in Ukraine and other countries.