全球太阳能光伏市场回顾2023-21页_960kb

Summary of Global PV Markets 2023 Report

• Overall Market Growth: Global PV cumulative capacity reached approximately 1.185 TW (1,185 GW) by the end of 2022, with at least 240 GW newly installed. PV has solidified its role as a key driver in global energy transition due to cost competitiveness and emissions reductions.

• Regional Insights:

  • China dominated with 106 GW installed (44% of global), reaching cumulative capacity of 414.5 GW—nearly double that of Europe.
  • Europe installed 39 GW, led by Spain (8.1 GW), Germany (7.5 GW), and Poland (4.9 GW), despite grid congestion challenges.
  • The US market contracted to 18.6 GW due to trade disputes and grid connection issues, while India grew significantly with 18.1 GW installed primarily in centralised systems.
  • Brazil showed dynamic growth with 9.9 GW.
  • Asia Pacific captures 64% of global cumulative capacity.

• Market Segmentation:

  • Rooftop installations increased to 48% of new capacity (around 46 GW).
  • Utility-scale accounted for the bulk, but decentralised systems are becoming more accessible through falling costs and policies.

• Key Challenges:

  • Supply Chain: Concerns over upstream concentration in China have prompted local manufacturing support.
  • Grid Integration: High penetration rates risk grid congestion; policies like grid access fees or taxes are emerging in some regions.

• Environmental Impact:

  • PV avoids ~1,399 Mt of annual CO₂ emissions (+30% from 2021), accounting for 10% of electricity and heat sector emissions.

• Policy Trends:

  • Support Mechanisms: Many governments are shifting to indirect measures like accelerated permitting or prosumer enablement.
  • Tender vs. Merchant: While tenders remain central, merchant PV (PPAs) gained traction due to market volatility.
  • Local Manufacturing Mandates: Driven by supply chain vulnerability, the IEA notes fast-growing support for regional production.

• Broader Energy Transition:

  • PV accounted for 21 GW in the Top Ten renewable additions in 2022 and over two-thirds of all renewable energy capacity growth globally.
  • It supports electrification efforts (EVs, green hydrogen), playing a critical role in decarbonisation pathways.