世界银行-2025年社会保障状况报告_20亿人的挑战（英）-2025_120页_3mb

Summary of State of Social Protection Report 2025

• Coverage Gap: 2 billion people in low- and middle-income countries lack adequate social protection coverage or benefits, with LICs and Sub-Saharan Africa facing the largest gaps.

• Major Policy Action Areas:

  1. Extending social protection to those in need, focusing on noncontributory programs.
  2. Strengthening adequacy of support, improving targeting to the poorest.
  3. Building shock-proof delivery systems for timely responses.
  4. Optimizing financing through better resource allocation or increased funding.

• Lessons from COVID-19: Countries with prior coverage and spending capacity expanded programs more effectively, highlighting the need for adaptable systems.

• Country Income Differences:

  • LICs: Prioritize cash transfers and economic inclusion.
  • LMICs/UMICs: Expand contributory programs and labor market initiatives.
  • HICs: Strengthen integration of social protection and labor systems.

• Key Challenges:

  • Financing: Low in LICs due to limited fiscal space.
  • Data and Delivery: Inadequate data in many countries; weak delivery systems hinder effectiveness.
  • Subsidy Reforms: Opportunities to reallocate funds by reforming regressive subsidies.

• Recommendations:

  • Increase digital infrastructure.
  • Promote subsidy reforms to fuel social protection spending.
  • Emphasize integrated systems and adaptive design for climate/disasters.