第二期全球化学品展望（英文版）_102页_15mb

Global Chemicals Outlook II Summary

Core Content

The Global Chemicals Outlook II (GCO-II) is a synthesis report that evaluates the current state of chemicals and waste management globally, emphasizing the need for more ambitious action to align with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It highlights the critical role of chemicals in economic and social development, while also underscoring the significant health and environmental risks posed by their improper management.

Key Findings

• Chemical Industry Growth: The global chemical industry was valued at over $5 trillion in 2017 and is projected to double by 2030, with emerging economies driving this increase.
• Chemical Use and Risks: Chemicals are becoming more widespread due to global megatrends, such as urbanization and economic growth. However, their mismanagement leads to serious health and environmental impacts.
• Hazardous Chemicals: A significant portion of chemicals consumed globally are hazardous. In the European Union, 62% of chemicals used in 2016 were harmful to health. These chemicals are often accumulating in the environment and human bodies, creating long-term risks.
• Health and Environmental Burden: The World Health Organization estimated that 1.6 million lives were affected by chemical-related diseases in 2016, suggesting a potential underestimation of the true impact.
• Unmet 2020 Goals: Despite progress, the 2020 goal to achieve environmentally sound management of chemicals and waste was not met, with implementation gaps remaining.
• Need for Global Action: The report stresses the urgent need for more coordinated and ambitious global action to address the risks and gaps in chemicals management.
• Sustainable Alternatives: Green and sustainable chemistry, circular business models, and innovative solutions are key to reducing the risks and advancing sustainable consumption and production.
• Corporate Responsibility: Frontrunner companies are introducing sustainable supply chain practices, material transparency, and human rights-based policies, but widespread adoption is still lacking.
• Consumer and Innovation Drivers: Consumer demand, education, and innovation (e.g., through start-ups) are important drivers of change in chemicals management.
• Knowledge Gaps: Global knowledge gaps remain in chemicals management, requiring harmonized research protocols, enhanced science-policy interfaces, and prioritization of emerging issues.

Key Messages for Policymakers

• The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes SDG 3.9 and SDG 12.4, which are specifically focused on chemicals and waste management.
• SDG 3.9 aims to substantially reduce deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and pollution by 2030.
• SDG 12.4 seeks to achieve environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes by 2020, which is still not fully realized.
• International cooperation is essential to address the global challenges of chemicals and waste management.
• Voluntary instruments and multilateral treaties have reduced risks but implementation remains uneven.
• Stakeholder engagement, capacity building, and innovative financing are critical for progress.
• Sharing knowledge and enhancing mutual acceptance of management approaches can reduce risks and increase resource efficiency.

Key International Instruments

• Montreal Protocol (1989): Addresses ozone-depleting substances.
• Basel Convention (1992): Focuses on transboundary hazardous waste movements.
• Rotterdam Convention (2004): Implements the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure for hazardous chemicals and pesticides.
• Stockholm Convention (2004): Targets Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
• Minamata Convention (2017): Addresses mercury.
• Globally Harmonized System (GHS) (1992): Aims to standardize chemical classification and labelling.
• International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management (1985, updated in 2013): Promotes safe pesticide use and management.

Structure and Contributions

The GCO-II is structured into five parts, with the Synthesis Report summarizing the main findings and insights. It was developed with substantial input from over 400 experts and guided by a Steering Committee composed of representatives from governments, NGOs, academia, and the private sector.

• Lead Authors: Responsible for foundational papers and specific chapters.
• Regional Perspectives: Captured through workshops in various regions (Africa, Europe, Latin America, Asia-Pacific).
• Contributors: Included scientific and policy organizations, such as the International Sustainable Chemistry Collaborative Centre (ISC3), the International Panel on Chemical Pollution, and the Secretariat of the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions.
• Financial Support: Provided by the European Union and the Governments of Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland.

Call to Action

• Stakeholders must act collectively to implement sustainable solutions.
• Investors, producers, retailers, citizens, academics, and ministers are key influencers in driving chemicals management reform.
• Enabling policies are crucial for scaling up green chemistry innovations and achieving the SDGs.
• Collaboration between science and policy is needed to fill knowledge gaps and develop innovative approaches.

Conclusion

The GCO-II underscores that sound management of chemicals and waste is a cornerstone of sustainable development. It calls for global cooperation, innovation, and policy reform to minimize the adverse impacts of chemicals and achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.