2010年-世界发展银行全球_City_of_Accra_Ghana_Consultative_Citizens_Report_Card_146页_7mb

Summary of the City of Accra Citizens' Report Card

Core Content

This document is a Consultative Citizens' Report Card for the City of Accra, Ghana, published in 2010 by the Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA) in collaboration with the World Bank. It presents an overview of residents' perceptions and experiences regarding various municipal services, including toilets and sanitation, gutters and drains, refuse and solid waste collection, water, public markets, basic education, and roads. The report also includes insights into the political and administrative system, demographics, housing, household income, assets, and education levels across the city and its sub-metros.

The report is based on a survey of almost 4,000 households spread across Accra and its sub-metros. It aims to highlight service gaps and inform policy decisions to improve the quality of life for residents, particularly those in less well-served areas.

Main Points

1. Political and Administrative System

• The Accra Metropolitan Assembly (AMA) is the governing body of the city, functioning as a corporate entity with 90 members (60 elected, 30 appointed).
• The AMA has decentralized functions across 11 Sub-Metropolitan District Councils (sub-metros), each with its own administrative building and staff.
• The AMA is responsible for:
  • Providing a sanitary and healthy environment
  • Developing educational infrastructure
  • Managing markets and lorry parks
  • Planning and development control of infrastructure
  • Ensuring public safety and comfort

2. City Demographics

• Accra's estimated residential population in 2009 was 2.1 million, though some believe it may be as high as 3.5 million due to migrant inflows.
• Population growth is around 4.4% per annum.
• Daily commuters from surrounding areas add to the city's population.
• Average household size is 3.8, consistent with the 2000 National Census.
• Household income is spread across four classes:
  • 1st Class: ~US$1,519.82 per household
  • 2nd Class: ~US$883
  • 3rd Class: ~US$793
  • 4th Class: <US$793

3. Housing and Neighborhoods

• Occupancy rates are high, with 11.8 people per dwelling on average.
• Ashiedu Keteke has the highest occupancy rate at 15.6 people per dwelling.
• Ayawaso West has the lowest occupancy rate at 6.9 people per dwelling.
• Housing types:
  • 1st Class: Well-planned, with developed infrastructure and spacious properties.
  • 3rd and 4th Class: Densely settled, largely unplanned, with limited infrastructure.
• Renting is common, with 34% of households renting.
• Property tax is paid by 80% of households, with 66% considering it "about right" and 32% finding it "too high".

4. Household Assets

• Most households have access to basic amenities:
  • 95% have a radio
  • 94% have electricity
  • 92% have a TV
• Fewer households own computers (22%), gardens (6%), or generators (5%).
• Ayawaso West has the highest asset possession, while Ashiedu Keteke has the lowest.

5. Education Level

• 21% of adult residents have university-level education.
• 45% have completed secondary school.
• 6% have only basic education.
• 17% have completed primary school or less.
• Sub-metros with higher proportions of low-income households (e.g., Ashiedu Keteke, Ayawaso Central, Okaikoi North) are more likely to have residents with primary-level education or less.

6. Quality of Life & Standard of Living

• 66% of households rate their Quality of Life as Moderate.
• 17% rate it as High, and 17% as Low.
• 51% believe their Quality of Life has improved in recent years.
• 32% think it has remained the same, and 17% believe it has worsened.
• Quality of Life is influenced by access to basic services and living conditions.

7. Service Priorities and Satisfaction

• Toilets and Sanitation are the highest service priority (1st out of 7).
• Gutters and Drains are the second highest priority (2nd out of 7).
• Refuse and Solid Waste Collection is the third highest priority (3rd out of 7).
• Water is the fourth highest priority (4th out of 7).
• Public Markets, Basic Education, and Roads follow, ranked 5th, 6th, and 7th respectively.
• Service satisfaction varies across sub-metros, with Ayawaso West generally reporting the highest satisfaction and Ashiedu Keteke the lowest.

8. Key Issues and Policy Implications

• Public toilet facilities are a special issue in both general and public market contexts.
• Gutter and drain blockage is a major concern in the city.
• Residents' willingness to pay for services is a recurring theme, particularly in refuse collection, public markets, and AMA officials.
• Policy recommendations are made to address service gaps, especially in less well-served sub-metros.

Conclusion

This report card is a comprehensive tool for understanding the needs and perceptions of Accra's residents. It highlights inequalities in service access and living conditions across the city, emphasizing the need for targeted improvements and community engagement. The findings provide a basis for policy development and future assessments of progress.