【联合国】2024全球能源统计口袋书_78页_19mb

2024 Energy Statistics Pocketbook Summary

Core Content

This document is the seventh in a series of energy statistics pocketbooks published by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and provides a comprehensive overview of global energy supply, production, and consumption data for the year 2021, along with historical trends from 1990 to 2021.

Main Sections

• Total Energy Supply: Highlights global and regional energy supply figures.
• Primary Energy Production: Discusses the production of various energy sources.
• Electricity: Focuses on electricity generation and its distribution.

Key Findings

Total Energy Supply (TES) in 2021

• The world total energy supply reached 612.1 EJ in 2021, an increase of 5.5% compared to 2020.
• Latin America and the Caribbean and Europe experienced the most significant increases, at 7.1% and 7.0%, respectively.
• China had an increase of 8.7 EJ or 6.2% in TES.
• Asia accounted for 51.0% of the world's total energy supply, with China alone contributing 24.3%.
• Europe's share of world TES has declined from 35.3% in 1990 to 17.7% in 2021.
• International bunkers represented 12.9 EJ or 2.1% of the world's total energy supply in 2021, showing an increase of 4.9% compared to 2020 but remaining below pre-pandemic levels.

Energy Intensity in 2021

• Energy intensity (gigajoules per thousand international dollars) was 4.5 globally.
• Iceland had the highest energy intensity at 18.3, followed by Trinidad and Tobago and Bahrain.
• The United States had an energy intensity of 14.1, while India had 14.4.

Major Countries in Energy Supply

• China was the largest producer of TES with 148.9 EJ.
• United States had the highest TES per capita at 77.4.
• Iceland had the highest TES per capita at 980.6.

Energy Supply by Region and Source

• World total energy supply by source in 2021:
  • Coal: 165.4 EJ
  • Oil: 182.8 EJ
  • Natural gas: 148.5 EJ
  • Biofuels and waste: 54.9 EJ
  • Nuclear: 30.3 EJ
  • Electricity and heat: 30.3 EJ
• Coal remains the largest source, contributing 27.4% of the world's TES in 2021.
• Oil and natural gas also had significant shares, with 29.5% and 24.4%, respectively.

Regional Trends in TES

• Africa had a TES of 35.3 EJ in 2021.
• Northern America (excluding the US) had 12.2 EJ.
• United States had the highest TES at 89.7 EJ.
• Latin America and the Caribbean had 34.8 EJ.
• Asia (excluding China) had 163.5 EJ.
• China had 148.9 EJ.
• Europe had 108.1 EJ.
• Oceania had 6.8 EJ.
• International bunkers had 12.9 EJ.

Historical Trends in TES (1990-2021)

• The world total energy supply increased from 357.3 EJ in 1990 to 612.1 EJ in 2021.
• Africa saw a steady increase from 15.9 EJ to 35.3 EJ.
• Northern America (excluding the US) increased from 8.9 EJ to 12.2 EJ.
• United States increased from 69.1 EJ to 92.8 EJ.
• Latin America and the Caribbean increased from 19.6 EJ to 36.1 EJ.
• Asia (excluding China) increased from 62.8 EJ to 169.4 EJ.
• China increased from 32.7 EJ to 118.4 EJ.
• Europe increased from 112.9 EJ to 105.5 EJ.
• Oceania increased from 7.4 EJ to 19.2 EJ.
• International bunkers increased from 8.8 EJ to 12.9 EJ.

Primary Energy Production

• World primary energy production reached 609.9 EJ in 2021, up by 3.5% from 2020.
• Since 1990, primary production has increased by 68.9%.
• Oil, coal, and natural gas together accounted for 81.2% of the total primary energy production.
• China was the largest coal producer with 85.0 EJ, followed by United States, Russian Federation, and India.
• United States was the largest oil producer with 30.4 EJ, followed by Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, and Canada.
• United States was the largest natural gas producer with 34.0 EJ, followed by Russian Federation, China, and Qatar.

Regional Trends in Primary Energy Production

• Africa had 46.1 EJ in 2021.
• Northern America (excluding the US) had 22.6 EJ.
• United States had 92.8 EJ.
• Latin America and the Caribbean had 36.1 EJ.
• Asia (excluding China and Indonesia) had 19.0 EJ.
• China had 118.4 EJ.
• Indonesia had 15.5 EJ.
• Europe had 105.5 EJ.
• Oceania had 19.2 EJ.
• International bunkers had 12.9 EJ.

Historical Trends in Primary Energy Production (1990-2021)

• World primary energy production increased from 361.1 EJ in 1990 to 609.9 EJ in 2021.
• Coal production increased from 94.8 EJ to 167.0 EJ.
• Oil production increased from 137.0 EJ to 179.7 EJ.
• Natural gas production increased from 72.0 EJ to 148.6 EJ.
• Biofuels and waste increased from 30.5 EJ to 54.2 EJ.
• Nuclear increased from 21.8 EJ to 30.3 EJ.
• Electricity and heat increased from 9.3 EJ to 30.3 EJ.

Electricity Generation

• Electricity generation per capita varied significantly across regions, with Iceland having the highest at 980.6 GJ.
• United States had the highest electricity generation at 30.3 EJ.
• China had 8.2 EJ of electricity and heat production.
• India had 8.2 EJ of electricity and heat production.
• Brazil had 3.6 EJ of electricity and heat production.
• Japan had 5.7 EJ of electricity and heat production.

Key Information

• The data is sourced from the UN Energy Statistics Database and UN Geospatial.
• The publication aims to highlight key indicators and provide visualizations to show developments, dependencies, and distributions.
• International bunkers are defined as energy used for international maritime and air transport.
• The United Nations emphasizes the importance of sound energy statistics for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Paris Agreement.
• Energy intensity is a measure of energy consumption per unit of GDP, used to assess energy efficiency.
• The United States and China are the largest energy producers in the world.
• Europe's share of world TES has been declining for the past 30 years, from 35.3% in 1990 to 17.7% in 2021.
• Asia continues to be the largest energy consumer in the world, with China as the dominant player.
• International bunkers remain below pre-pandemic levels, indicating reduced global energy consumption in this sector.