2023年全球能源数据回顾-64页_9mb

2023 | 72nd Edition: Statistical Review of World Energy Summary

Core Content

The 72nd edition of the Statistical Review of World Energy provides a comprehensive overview of global energy markets in 2022, highlighting key trends in energy consumption, production, trade, and emissions. It is a collaborative effort by the Energy Institute (EI), with support from KPMG, Kearney, and bp, and is available for free both in print and online, offering detailed data and analysis to inform energy-related decisions.

Main Points

Energy Demand and Supply

• Global primary energy consumption increased by 1% in 2022, reaching 3% above 2019 levels.
• Non-OECD countries accounted for most of the increase, with China contributing 72% of the global rise in primary energy consumption.
• Europe and CIS saw declines in energy consumption, with Europe down by 3.8% and CIS by 5.8%.
• Renewables (excluding hydro) increased their share of primary energy consumption to 7.5%, up nearly 1% from the previous year.
• Fossil fuels still accounted for 82% of total energy consumption.

Carbon Emissions

• Global carbon dioxide emissions from energy use, industrial processes, flaring, and methane reached a record high of 39.3 GtCO₂e, up 0.8% from 2021.
• Energy-related emissions made up 87% of total global emissions.
• Flaring emissions decreased by 3.8%, while methane and industrial emissions fell by 0.2%.

Oil

• Brent crude oil prices averaged $101/bbl, the highest since 2013.
• Global oil consumption increased by 2.9 million b/d to 97.3 million b/d, still 0.7% below 2019 levels.
• OECD oil consumption increased by 1.4 million b/d, while non-OECD increased by 1.5 million b/d.
• Oil production rose by 3.8 million b/d, with OPEC+ responsible for 60% of the increase.
• Saudi Arabia and the US were the top producers, adding 1.182 million b/d and 1.091 million b/d respectively.
• Nigeria and Libya reported significant declines in production (184,000 b/d and 181,000 b/d respectively).
• Refining capacity increased by ~534,000 b/d, driven by non-OECD countries.

Natural Gas

• Natural gas prices hit record levels in Europe and Asia, with TTF averaging $37/mmBtu and JKM averaging $34/mmBtu.
• US Henry Hub prices rose over 50% to $6.5/mmBtu, the highest since 2008.
• Global natural gas demand fell by 3%, just below 4 Tcm.
• LNG supply increased by 5% to 542 Bcm, with North America and APAC contributing 10 Bcm and 8 Bcm respectively.
• Europe became the largest LNG importer, accounting for 62 Bcm, while Asia Pacific reduced imports by 24 Bcm.
• Japan overtook China as the world’s largest LNG importer, absorbing nearly 60% of global demand growth.
• Russian pipeline exports to Europe fell by 38%, significantly impacting the region’s supply.

Coal

• Coal prices reached record levels, with Europe averaging $294/tonne and Japan $225/tonne.
• Global coal consumption rose by 0.6% in 2021 and remained at 161 EJ in 2022, the highest since 2014.
• China and India were the main drivers of coal demand growth, contributing 1.7 EJ.
• North America and Europe saw declines in coal consumption of 6.8% and 3.1% respectively.
• OECD coal consumption was 10% below 2019 levels, while non-OECD was 6% higher.
• Global coal production increased by 7%, with China, India, and Indonesia responsible for 95% of the increase.

Renewables, Hydro and Nuclear

• Renewable power (excluding hydro) reached 40.9 EJ, up 14% from the previous year.
• Solar and wind capacity increased by a record 266 GW, with solar accounting for 72% of the additions.
• China contributed 37% to solar capacity growth and 41% to wind capacity growth.
• Hydroelectricity generation increased by 1.1%, while nuclear output fell by 4.4%.

Electricity

• Global electricity generation increased by 2.3%, slightly lower than the 6.2% growth in 2021.
• Wind and solar accounted for 12% of global electricity generation, with solar growing by 25% and wind by 13.5%.
• Coal remained the dominant fuel for electricity generation, with a 35.4% share.
• Natural gas maintained a 23% share of electricity generation.
• Renewables (excluding hydro) met 84% of the global electricity demand growth.

Key Minerals

• Lithium carbonate prices rose by 335%, hitting a record $47,000/tonne.
• Cobalt prices increased by 24% to $64,000/tonne.
• Lithium and cobalt production both saw sharp increases of 21%.

Key Insights

• The global energy system in 2022 faced three major crises: supply, price, and climate.
• Russia's invasion of Ukraine disrupted energy markets, leading to price surges and geopolitical tensions.
• Despite a post-pandemic recovery, aviation-related oil demand remained below 2019 levels.
• Renewables are growing but still account for a small share of global energy consumption.
• Global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, with energy-related emissions remaining the largest contributor.
• LNG trade and pipeline trade are key components of global energy supply, especially for Europe.

Key Charts and Data Highlights

• Primary energy consumption grew by 1.1% in 2022, slightly below 2021.
• Non-OECD countries were the main contributors to energy consumption growth.
• Renewable energy continued to grow, but hydroelectricity and nuclear saw mixed results.
• Russian gas exports to Europe declined by 38%, with LNG and pipeline both affected.
• Lithium carbonate and cobalt prices surged, reflecting increased demand in the energy transition.

Conclusion

The 2022 edition of the Statistical Review of World Energy underscores the ongoing challenges and shifts in the global energy landscape. It highlights the resilience of energy markets, the impact of geopolitical events, and the ongoing environmental concerns. The report also emphasizes the growing role of renewables, while fossil fuels still dominate global energy consumption. As the world continues to navigate the energy transition, this report serves as a vital reference for stakeholders across the energy sector.