2012年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2013___Iran_112页_1mb

Economy Profile: Iran, Islamic Rep. - Doing Business 2013 Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2013 report evaluates the regulatory environment for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across 185 economies, including Iran, Islamic Rep. It provides quantitative indicators on business regulations and the protection of property rights, measuring the ease of doing business in 11 key areas such as starting a business, getting electricity, registering property, and resolving insolvency. The report helps identify areas where reforms have improved the business climate and highlights the challenges that remain.

Main Points

• Ease of Doing Business Index: Iran, Islamic Rep. ranks 145th out of 185 economies in 2013, a slight decline from its 2012 rank of 144th.
• Key Indicators: The report includes data on the number of procedures, time in days, cost as a percentage of income per capita, and paid-in minimum capital required for various business activities.
• Comparative Data: Data is compared with other economies in the Middle East and North Africa region and globally, including comparator economies such as Iraq, Jordan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
• Methodology: The report uses standardized assumptions to ensure comparability, such as a limited liability company located in the largest business city (Tehran), with 10–50 employees, and engaged in general commercial or industrial activities.

Key Information

1. Starting a Business

• Rank: 87th
• Procedures: 7
• Time: 13 days
• Cost: 3.3% of income per capita
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0.5% of income per capita
• Comparison: Iran ranks lower than New Zealand (1st) and Singapore (26th), but higher than Jordan (103rd) and Oman (73rd).
• Reforms:
  • In DB2010, Iran introduced an electronic registration system.
  • In DB2011, it added a web portal for company name search and reservation.
  • In DB2013, it made starting a business more difficult by requiring criminal record clearance for company founders.

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Rank: 166th
• Procedures: 16
• Time: 320 days
• Cost: 262.3% of income per capita
• Comparison: Iran is far behind Hong Kong SAR, China (6th) and Singapore (26th), but slightly better than Iraq (84th) and Jordan (102nd).

3. Getting Electricity

• Rank: 163rd
• Procedures: 7
• Time: 140 days
• Cost: 788.4% of income per capita
• Comparison: Iran is behind Germany (3rd) and Japan (1st), but ahead of Jordan (38th) and Oman (54th).

4. Registering Property

• Rank: 165th
• Procedures: 9
• Time: 36 days
• Cost: 10.5% of property value
• Comparison: Iran is behind Georgia (1st) and Portugal (1st), but ahead of Jordan (102nd) and Oman (18th).

5. Getting Credit

• Rank: 83rd
• Procedures: 39
• Time: 505 days
• Cost: 17.0% of claim
• Comparison: Iran is behind United Kingdom (1st) and Ireland (21st), but ahead of Iraq (176th) and Jordan (167th).

6. Protecting Investors

• Rank: 150th
• Procedures: Not specified
• Time: Not specified
• Cost: Not specified
• Comparison: Iran is far behind New Zealand (1st) and Singapore (9th), but ahead of Iraq (128th) and Jordan (128th).

7. Paying Taxes

• Rank: 129th
• Procedures: 20
• Time: 344 hours per year
• Cost: Not specified
• Comparison: Iran is behind United Arab Emirates (1st) and Hong Kong SAR, China (3rd), but ahead of Jordan (35th) and Oman (10th).

8. Trading Across Borders

• Rank: 143rd
• Procedures: Not specified
• Time: 25 days for exports, 32 days for imports
• Cost: $1,470 per container for exports, $2,100 per container for imports
• Comparison: Iran is behind Singapore (1st) and Malaysia (2nd), but ahead of Jordan (52nd) and Iraq (179th).

9. Enforcing Contracts

• Rank: 53rd
• Procedures: 39
• Time: 505 days
• Cost: 17.0% of claim
• Comparison: Iran is behind Luxembourg (1st) and Ireland (21st), but ahead of Jordan (129th) and Iraq (141st).

10. Resolving Insolvency

• Rank: 126th
• Time: 4.5 years
• Cost: 9% of estate
• Comparison: Iran is behind Japan (1st) and Ireland (0.4 years), but ahead of Jordan (112th) and Iraq (185th).

Key Insights

• The ease of doing business index provides a global ranking, but it does not capture all aspects of the business environment.
• Distance to frontier measures how far an economy is from the best practices, helping to assess the pace of reform.
• Reforms in Iran have had mixed results, with some improvements in starting a business and others that made it more difficult.
• Data limitations include the exclusion of certain factors like infrastructure quality and macroeconomic conditions.
• The report emphasizes the importance of regulatory simplification, technology adoption, and reducing minimum capital requirements to improve the business environment.

Conclusion

Iran, Islamic Rep. has a relatively difficult business environment, particularly in areas such as getting electricity, registering property, and resolving insolvency. While some reforms have been introduced, such as an electronic registration system and a web portal for company name search, others have made the process more cumbersome. The report highlights the potential for improvement and the need for continued regulatory reform to enhance the ease of doing business and attract investment.