世界银行-保护粮食系统，预防未来的流行病：以中亚一个健康计划为例（英）-2023-108页_2mb

Executive Summary Overview

This report analyzes the case for a regional One Health program in Central Asia to prevent future pandemics and protect food systems. Central Asian countries face interconnected challenges such as emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety issues, and climate change impacts. A One Health approach integrates animal, human, and environmental health sectors to address these challenges through collaboration, which is deemed critical for effective pandemic preparedness, food security, and sustainable development. The region requires coordinated action, institutional capacity building, and targeted investments to implement this approach.

Key Challenges in Central Asia

• Human Population and Urbanization: Central Asia's young and growing population, with low urban density, increases exposure to zoonoses and health risks due to poverty and inequality.
• Livestock Production Systems: Suboptimal animal productivity due to poor genetics, veterinary services, and trade barriers hampers exports and food security.
• Climate Change and Ecosystem Transformations: Environmental degradation from land and water scarcity exacerbates disease transmission risks, ecosystem changes, and food production vulnerabilities.
• Public Health: Persistent communicable diseases, AMR, and limited surveillance systems strain health systems, requiring cross-sector responses.

One Health Approach

• Definition and Relevance: One Health is an integrated strategy balancing human, animal, and environmental health. It is cost-effective for preventing pandemics, reducing AMR, and improving food safety, with potential economic returns up to 71%.
• Implementation Needs: Requires strengthening epidemiological surveillance, harmonizing policies, building institutional capacity, and fostering regional cooperation platforms.

Recommendations for Action

• Convene and Coordinate: Establish a regional One Health framework to facilitate intersectoral collaboration and data sharing.
• Develop Knowledge and Policies: Address gaps in surveillance, climate impacts on health, and regulatory harmonization.
• Build Capacity and Institutions: Invest in training, laboratories, and coordination mechanisms to enhance prevention and response.
• Advance a Regional Program: Focus on early warning systems, risk-based approaches, and economies of scale to tackle zoonoses, food safety, and pandemics collectively.

The Central Asia One Health Framework for Action is being developed to guide these efforts, supported by key partners like the World Bank and Quadripartite Alliance.