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Energy Transition in Poland: 2022 Report Summary

Forum Energii (April 2022)

Key Conclusions

• Coal Dominance: Coal's share in electricity generation reached 72.4% in 2021, the highest level in a decade.
  • Renewable energy capacity increased by 4.4 GW (totaling 16.7 GW), with solar PV surpassing wind energy.
• Energy Production: Electricity production hit a record 179.4 TWh (↑14% year-on-year), while net imports dropped to 0.89 TWh.
• Emissions: GHG emissions rose, with electricity and heat generation accounting for 35.1% of total emissions. Carbon intensity of electricity production remained high at 710 kg CO₂/MWh.
• Market Dynamics:
  • Wholesale electricity prices were among the lowest in Poland due to cheaper coal compared to gas, leading to record exports.
  • CO₂ allowance prices surged, generating €53.13/t CO₂ revenue for Poland.

Generation and Capacity

• Capacity: Achievable capacity reached 53.5 GW (↑3.7 GW), with renewables comprising 31% of total capacity.
• Production: Renewables generated 30 TWh (↑8.5% year-on-year), but their share fell to 16.7% due to grid constraints.

Energy Imports & Dependency

• Natural gas imports (including pipeline and LNG) totalled 17.4 bcm (primarily from Russia). Poland aimed to reduce reliance on Russian energy.
• Steam coal imports decreased by 0.5 million tonnes, yet 82% came from Russia.

Policy & Challenges

• Renewables sector faces regulatory hurdles for onshore wind development despite growth in photovoltaics.
• Energy security concerns persist due to delays in modernizing conventional power plants.

Mainstream Energy Sources: Coal, lignite, natural gas.
Renewables: Solar PV, wind, biomass.
Energy Prices: Natural gas and electricity prices reached record highs across Europe in 2021.

For detailed sector-specific analysis, refer to the full report.