2010年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Indonesia_Country_Profile_2009_15页_1mb

Indonesia Country Profile 2009 Summary

Core Content Overview

The Indonesia Country Profile 2009 is part of the Enterprise Surveys conducted by the World Bank and its partner institutions. These surveys aim to evaluate the business environment across different sectors and firm sizes, providing insights into how it affects firm productivity, performance, and growth. The data is collected through face-to-face interviews with firm managers and owners, and it includes both qualitative and quantitative indicators.

Key Business Environment Indicators

Corruption

• Graft Index (Incidence of informal payments): 25.2% of firms in Indonesia were expected to make informal payments for public services, which is higher than the lower middle income group average of 13.7%.
• Gifts to tax inspectors: 14.0% of firms in Indonesia expected to give gifts during meetings with tax inspectors, compared to 19.1% in the East Asia & Pacific region.
• Gifts to secure government contracts: 53.0% of firms in Indonesia expected to give gifts to secure government contracts, higher than the regional average of 59.4%.
• Gifts for construction permits: 37.1% of firms in Indonesia expected to give gifts to obtain construction permits, lower than the regional average of 72.3%.
• Gifts for import licenses: 19.5% of firms in Indonesia expected to give gifts for import licenses, compared to 19.2% in the region.
• Gifts for operating licenses: 25.9% of firms in Indonesia expected to give gifts for operating licenses, lower than the regional average of 26.0%.

Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

• Days to obtain an import license: 10.5 days in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 16.4 days.
• Days to obtain a construction-related permit: 32.3 days in Indonesia, significantly higher than the regional average of 46.1 days.
• Days to obtain an operating license: 21.1 days in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 27.0 days.
• Senior management time spent dealing with regulations: 1.9% of time in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 7.3%.
• Average number of visits with tax officials: 0.2 visits in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 2.3 visits.
• Legal forms: Sole proprietorships dominate in Indonesia (84.3%), while open shareholding companies are less common (1.0%).

Average Firm Characteristics

• Age of firms: The average firm in Indonesia is 15 years old, slightly higher than the regional average of 14.4 years.
• Female participation in ownership: 42.8% of firms in Indonesia have female participation in ownership, higher than the lower middle income group average of 35.2%.
• Ownership composition: 89.4% of firms are privately owned (domestic), 1.5% are foreign, 0.1% are government-owned, and 9.0% are classified as other.
• Female participation in management: Not available for Indonesia.
• Female full-time workers: 33.9% of firms have full-time female workers, slightly higher than the lower middle income group average of 31.1%.

Finance

• Internal finance for investment: 88.3% of firms in Indonesia rely on internal finance, higher than the regional average of 63.6%.
• Bank finance for investment: 6.4% of firms in Indonesia use bank financing, lower than the regional average of 19.6%.
• Working capital external financing: 14.4% of firms in Indonesia use external financing for working capital, lower than the regional average of 33.4%.
• Collateral needed for loans: 53.1% of the loan amount is required as collateral in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 171.0%.
• Firms with bank loans/credit: 18.2% of firms in Indonesia have bank loans or lines of credit, lower than the regional average of 40.4%.
• Firms with checking or savings accounts: 51.5% of firms in Indonesia have such accounts, lower than the regional average of 89.6%.

Infrastructure

• Power outages: 2.1 per month in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 4.5.
• Value lost due to power outages: 2.4% of sales in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 3.0%.
• Water shortages: 4.7 per month in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 1.8.
• Average duration of water shortages: 4.7 hours in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 3.5 hours.
• Delays in obtaining electricity connections: 23.5 days in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 21.9 days.
• Delays in obtaining water connections: 20.0 days in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 26.9 days.
• Delays in obtaining telephone connections: 15.3 days in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 10.9 days.

Trade

• Exporter firms: 4.1% of firms in Indonesia export directly or indirectly, lower than the regional average of 19.9%.
• Use of foreign inputs: 4.9% of firms in Indonesia use foreign material inputs or supplies, lower than the regional average of 63.8%.
• Average time to clear direct exports through customs: 2.4 days in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 7.1 days.
• Average time to clear imports through customs: 3.4 days in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 9.3 days.
• Losses during direct exports due to theft: 0.7% in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 0.5%.
• Losses during direct exports due to breakage/spoilage: 0.4% in Indonesia, slightly lower than the regional average of 1.6%.

Crime and Informality

• Firms believing court system is fair: 69.6% in Indonesia, higher than the lower middle income group average of 39.2%.
• Security costs (% of sales): 0.5% in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 1.4%.
• Losses due to theft, robbery, vandalism, arson: 0.3% of sales in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 1.1%.
• Formally registered firms at start-up: 29.1% of firms in Indonesia are formally registered when they start operations, lower than the regional average of 83.9%.

Innovation and Workforce

• Internationally recognized quality certification: 2.9% of firms in Indonesia have such certification, lower than the regional average of 20.4%.
• External audit of financial statements: 4.0% of firms in Indonesia have their financial statements reviewed by an external auditor, lower than the regional average of 49.9%.
• Use of own website: 5.7% of firms in Indonesia use their own website, lower than the regional average of 29.2%.
• Use of email for communication: 13.2% of firms in Indonesia use email to communicate with clients and suppliers, lower than the regional average of 64.1%.
• Average number of temporary workers: 2.3 in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 23.6.
• Average number of permanent, full-time workers: 18.1 in Indonesia, lower than the regional average of 77.7.
• Female full-time workers: 33.9% in Indonesia, slightly higher than the lower middle income group average of 31.1%.

Conclusion

The Enterprise Surveys provide a comprehensive assessment of the business environment in Indonesia. They highlight the challenges firms face in terms of corruption, regulations, infrastructure, trade, and finance, while also showcasing the characteristics of the average firm and the workforce. The data suggests that Indonesia's business environment is less favorable compared to the East Asia & Pacific region, particularly in areas like regulations, corruption, and informality. However, there are some positive indicators, such as the relatively low security costs and delays in infrastructure services. The survey data is useful for policymakers and researchers in identifying areas for reform and improvement.