2015年-世界发展银行全球_India___Strategic_Assessment_for_Innovative_and_Transformative_Change_in_Delivering_Urban_Environment_Services_in_Amritsar_and_Ludhiana_33页_1mb

Summary of IN Support Strategic Assessment for Innovative and Transformative Change in Delivering Urban Environmental Services in Amritsar and Ludhiana

Core Content

This report outlines a strategic assessment aimed at transforming urban environmental services in Amritsar and Ludhiana, India, through innovative and sustainable approaches. The World Bank Group, in collaboration with the Government of Punjab and supported by Non-Lending Technical Assistance (NLTA), conducted a comprehensive analysis of water supply, storm drainage, urban environment, and services for the urban poor. The focus is on transitioning from groundwater-based systems to surface water supply, improving institutional and policy frameworks, and ensuring financial sustainability.

Main Objectives

• To shift from highly polluted groundwater to surface water for continuous (24x7) supply.
• To reduce vulnerability to flooding due to climate change.
• To improve urban environment and address point sources of pollution.
• To understand and address the needs of the urban poor through inclusive governance and service access.
• To guide policy and strategic planning for better service delivery.

Key Findings and Recommendations

1. Water Supply Transformation

Amritsar:

• Current System: Water is sourced from 350 deep tube wells, providing only 12 hours of supply daily, with high leakage and contamination.
• Proposed Change: A surface water supply system from the Main Branch Lower (MBL) canal is proposed to provide 24x7 water supply.
• Investment Plan: Estimated cost is INR 1386 Crores (230 million), including 35 km clear water feeder mains, 40 km rising mains, 960 km distribution network, and 265,000 house service connections with meters.
• Financial Model: A volumetric tariff system, similar to the KUWASIP project in Karnataka, is recommended to improve cost recovery and reduce subsidy needs. By 2020, full cost recovery is achievable.
• Subsidy Requirement: INR 554 Crores (92 million) is required from the general budget by 2022 to support the transition.

Ludhiana:

• Current System: Water is sourced from 658 deep and 277 shallow tube wells, providing 12 hours of supply daily, with high leakage and contamination.
• Proposed Change: A surface water supply system from the Sidhwan canal is proposed for 24x7 water supply.
• Investment Plan: Estimated cost is INR 2100 Crores (350 million), including 40 km clear water feeder mains, 73 km rising mains, new overhead service reservoirs, and 442,000 house service connections with meters.
• Financial Model: Volumetric billing and cross-subsidies for the poor are recommended. Using the KUWASIP model, the deficit can be reduced to INR 350 Crores (58 million) by 2020.
• Subsidy Requirement: INR 1034 Crores (169 million) is required from the general budget by 2022.

2. Institutional and Policy Reforms

• The project emphasizes the need for institutional reforms, including capacity building and legal changes to support the transformation.
• The Punjab Municipal Infrastructure Development Corporation (PMIDC) and the Department of Urban Local Government (ULG) are key stakeholders in this process.
• Policy recommendations include:
  • Implementing volumetric water tariffs.
  • Allocating VAT transfers specifically for water sector.
  • Ensuring state guarantees for loans.
  • Strengthening ULB capacity to manage and implement new systems.

3. Financial Sustainability

• Both cities face significant operational deficits due to low cost recovery and high dependency on general budget subsidies.
• Amritsar's cost recovery is projected to fall from 28% to 21% by 2022 without reforms, requiring INR 554 Crores (92 million) in subsidies.
• Ludhiana's cost recovery is expected to drop from 31% to 24% by 2022, necessitating INR 1034 Crores (169 million) in subsidies.
• The proposed reforms aim to reduce these deficits and ensure long-term financial sustainability.

4. Urban Environmental and Poverty Considerations

• The study highlights the importance of addressing urban environmental issues and improving the quality of life for the urban poor.
• Recommendations include:
  • Developing an Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP).
  • Enhancing inclusive governance and improving access to services for marginalized communities.
  • Reducing the vulnerability of the urban poor to environmental degradation.

Key Information

• Population Projections:

  • Amritsar: 1,132,761 (2011), projected to 1,791,958 (2032), 2,437,835 (2047).
  • Ludhiana: 1,613,878 (2011), projected to 3,413,535 (2032), 5,275,090 (2047).

• Water Demand:

  • Amritsar: 300 MLD (2032), 395 MLD (2047).
  • Ludhiana: 550 MLD (2032), 855 MLD (2047).

• Key Entities:

  • PMIDC: Punjab Municipal Infrastructure Development Corporation.
  • ULG: Department of Urban Local Government.
  • MCA: Amritsar Municipal Corporation.
  • MCL: Ludhiana Municipal Corporation.

• Key Technologies and Models:

  • BRTS: Bus Rapid Transit System.
  • RWH: Rain Water Harvesting.
  • CEPI: Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index.
  • KUWASIP: Karnataka 24x7 Water Supply and Sewerage Integrated Project (volumetric tariff model).

• Financial Overview:

  • Amritsar: INR 1386 Crores for full city conversion; INR 554 Crores in subsidies by 2022.
  • Ludhiana: INR 2100 Crores for full city conversion; INR 1034 Crores in subsidies by 2022.

Conclusion

The strategic assessment underscores the necessity of transitioning to surface water supply systems to ensure sustainable and efficient urban water services. It highlights the importance of financial and institutional reforms, including volumetric billing and VAT allocation, to support this transformation. The study also emphasizes the need for addressing environmental issues and improving services for the urban poor to achieve a more inclusive and resilient urban environment.