2008年-世界发展银行全球_Output-Based_Disbursements_in_Mexico___Transforming_the_Water_Sector_in_Guanajuato_4页_1mb

OBA Approaches: Summary of the Guanajuato Water Sector Project

Core Content

The document discusses the implementation of an Output-Based Disbursement (OBD) scheme in the Mexican state of Guanajuato, which is part of the World Bank's broader Output-Based Aid (OBA) approach. The project, known as the Decentralized Infrastructure Reform and Development Project, was approved in 2005 and aims to improve the efficiency, service coverage, and environmental management of the water and sanitation sector through performance-based financing.

Main Viewpoints

• Shift from Input to Output: The OBD mechanism shifts the focus from traditional input-based funding to performance-based disbursements, encouraging better implementation and accountability.
• Performance-Linked Funding: Pooled government and World Bank funds are disbursed based on specific outputs such as water service access, utility efficiency, and wastewater treatment.
• Incentivizing Efficiency and Coverage: The OBD scheme provides financial incentives for municipalities to improve efficiency and expand service coverage, particularly in underserved rural areas.
• Role of the State Water Commission: The commission plays a central role in verifying outputs, managing the payment mechanism, and facilitating coordination between the state and municipalities.

Key Information

Project Background

• The Decentralized Infrastructure Reform and Development Project in Guanajuato was the first multi-sector, infrastructure sector-wide approach (SWAp) funded by the World Bank in Latin America.
• The project includes US$108 million in World Bank financing and is designed to support sustainable investment and efficient implementation across roads, low-income housing, and water and sanitation sectors.
• It introduces OBD mechanisms and currency conversion to allow disbursements in local currency, aligning with the state's systems for managing social and environmental risks.

Sector Strategy

The strategy is built on three pillars:

1. Policy Focus:

   • The State Water Commission consolidates its role as a policy maker, facilitator, and technical assistance provider.
   • It updates the state water plan through a participatory process, emphasizing gender, sustainability, equity, and environmental protection.
   • It strengthens performance reporting by water operators.

2. Integrated Water Resources Management:

   • The commission supports the creation of groundwater committees and wastewater treatment plants.
   • These efforts position Guanajuato as a leader in wastewater treatment coverage in Mexico.

3. Service Coverage Expansion:

   • The commission focuses on rural water and sanitation needs.
   • It supports the establishment of rural water boards (community organizations) and prioritizes investments in rural areas.

Choosing Output Targets

Three key output indicators and their unit values were established:

• Access to Service: $250 per rural or urban inhabitant (target: 90,640 inhabitants; total: $22,666,000)
• Overall Efficiency: $160,000 per utility that increases efficiency by 10% (target: 64 utilities; total: $10,240,000)
• Wastewater Treatment Level: $60,000 per 150 kilograms of BOD removed (target: 12,750 kilograms BOD; total: $5,100,000)

Lessons Learned

• Baseline Data: Establishing accurate baseline data was essential for measuring progress.
• Complexity in Setting Unit Values: The unit values were set strategically—higher for access to service, lower for wastewater treatment—to prioritize certain outcomes.
• Flexibility in Disbursement: The OBD scheme allows flexibility in matching outputs with eligible expenditures, promoting transparency and accountability.
• Improved Institutional Arrangements: The scheme enhanced coordination, planning, and accountability, while generating valuable data for future programs.

Results of the OBD Scheme

• By April 2008, the project had exceeded the access to service target, providing full access to over 90,640 inhabitants, mostly in poor areas.
• More than 60 municipal utilities achieved a 10% efficiency increase.
• Wastewater treatment facilities made significant progress, with the state verifying their performance.
• The OBD approach encouraged efficiency improvements through competitive contracting and utility-driven decisions.
• It fostered accountability and transparency by developing auditable statistical methodologies for measuring outcomes.

Conclusion

The OBD scheme in Guanajuato has demonstrated the effectiveness of performance-based financing in transforming the water sector. It has improved service delivery, promoted efficiency, and supported sustainable and equitable water management, offering a replicable model for other regions facing similar challenges.