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Summary of Samoa Post-Disaster Needs Assessment: Cyclone Evan 2012

Core Content

The Samoa Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) conducted in March 2013 following Cyclone Evan in December 2012 provides a comprehensive analysis of the disaster's impact on Samoa's economy and society. It outlines the extent of damage and losses across various sectors, the financial requirements for recovery and reconstruction, and the implications for the country's economic and social development.

Main Points

Cyclone Overview

• Cyclone Evan struck Samoa in December 2012, causing widespread damage and significant economic and social losses.
• The disaster's effects are categorized into damage (physical destruction) and losses (production disruptions and increased costs).

Damage and Losses by Sector

The total estimated damage and losses from Cyclone Evan are SAT 465.146 million, or US$203.9 million. These are divided into damage (SAT 235.725 million) and losses (SAT 229.421 million).

Key Observations

• Transport was the most affected sector, followed by agriculture, environment, electricity, and tourism.
• 55% of the damage and losses were in public sector ownership, and 45% in private.
• The total estimated financial requirements for recovery, reconstruction, and disaster risk reduction are SAT 470 million, or US$206 million.
• 21% of the financial needs are for socioeconomic recovery, 60% for reconstruction, and 19% for disaster risk reduction (DRR).

Economic Impact

• The disaster significantly impacted Samoa's GDP growth. Without recovery and reconstruction efforts, GDP growth is expected to slow by 0.2% in 2012, 0% or negative in 2013, and 1% in 2014.
• The estimated losses in GDP from 2012 to 2014 are SAT 229.421 million, or US$100.6 million.
• The total value of destroyed assets is SAT 235.725 million, or US$103.3 million, which represents 109% of the normal value of construction activities in Samoa.
• This implies that recovery and reconstruction will take 2–3 years.

Social Impact

• The disaster had human and social impacts, including:
  • Loss of employment equivalent to 14,410 work-years.
  • Decline in personal income for both wage earners and self-employed workers.
  • Health and education sectors were severely affected, with significant damage to NHS buildings, health infrastructure, and educational facilities.
  • Housing damage was extensive, affecting 38,351.3 SAT worth of assets, with 1,602.9 SAT in public ownership and 41,751.6 SAT in private.

Disaster Risk Management

• The report emphasizes the need for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and resilience building.
• It outlines sector-specific DRR needs, including agricultural resilience, health system strengthening, and infrastructure improvements.
• Cross-sectoral DRR is also highlighted, with a focus on community-based initiatives and policy reforms.

Support and Funding

• The government of Samoa, with support from the World Bank, ADB, New Zealand, and other international partners, led the PDNA.
• The financial requirements for recovery and reconstruction are too high for Samoa to absorb alone, given its limited insurance coverage and potential increase in remittances from overseas Samoans.
• International assistance is essential for the recovery process.

Conclusion

Cyclone Evan had a profound impact on Samoa's economy and society, with significant damage and losses across multiple sectors. The PDNA provides a detailed breakdown of these effects and outlines the financial and strategic needs for recovery and reconstruction. It highlights the importance of international cooperation and disaster risk reduction in ensuring long-term resilience and sustainable development.