2001年-世界发展银行全球_Dominican_Republic_-_Poverty_Assessment___Poverty_in_a_High-Growth_Economy_1986-2000_Volume_2_Background_Papers_179页_11mb

Dominican Republic Poverty Assessment Summary

Core Content

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of poverty in the Dominican Republic (DR) between 1986 and 2000, focusing on its evolution, causes, and policy implications. It is a collaborative effort between the Government of the Dominican Republic and the World Bank, involving multiple institutions and experts. The report is divided into several sections, each addressing different aspects of poverty and social programs.

Main Points

Poverty Measurement and Evolution

• The report analyzes poverty trends from 1986 to 1998 using various household surveys conducted by different institutions.
• The National Statistical Office (ONE) and the Central Bank (CB) have played significant roles in poverty measurement, although their efforts have been limited due to lack of resources and a clear mandate.
• The Tercera Encuesta Nacional de Gastos e Ingresos de los Hogares (ENGIH 1998) is the most comprehensive survey available to date.
• The 1986 Tufts University survey and the 1992 FEyD survey are also used for analysis, with adjustments made to account for differences in data collection methods and inflation.

Limitations of Poverty Rates

• Poverty rates derived from different surveys and methodologies are not always comparable due to variations in definitions, questionnaires, and data collection.
• The report emphasizes that poverty is a multidimensional issue and cannot be fully captured by income or consumption alone.
• Poverty lines are based on assumptions that may not reflect the actual needs or behaviors of households, such as the assumption that households know about balanced diets or that income elasticity corresponds to nutrient elasticity.

Key Findings on Poverty Reduction

• Growth plays a central role in poverty alleviation in the DR.
• Poverty rates declined over time, but the rate of decline varied by region and household head education.
• The growth elasticity of poverty indicates that economic growth has a significant impact on reducing poverty.

Key Information

Surveys Used for Poverty Analysis

Adjustments and Methodology

• Adjustment factors are applied to ensure comparability across surveys.
• These factors vary by year and survey: 1.379 for 1986, 1.5152 for 1989, 1.08 for 1992, and 1.00 for 1998.
• The report highlights the need for consistent definitions of welfare and poverty lines to ensure reliable comparisons.

Institutional and Social Programs

• The report reviews social programs aimed at different age groups, including early childhood development, education, employment, and elderly care.
• Key institutions involved in these programs include the Secretaría de Estado de Educación (SEEC), Instituto Dominicano de Desarrollo Integral (IDDI), and Instituto de Estudios de Población y Desarrollo (IEPD).
• The National Planning Office (ONAPLAN) and the National Budget Office (ONAPRES) also play important roles in policy formulation and implementation.

Policy Implications

• The report stresses the importance of designing and implementing effective social protection strategies.
• It recommends policies that address the root causes of poverty, such as market failures, government failures, and migration issues.
• Special attention is given to Haitian migration and its impact on poverty dynamics in the DR.

Conclusion

The Dominican Republic has experienced significant economic growth since 1992, which has had a positive impact on poverty reduction. However, the measurement of poverty remains a complex and multifaceted task, requiring careful consideration of methodological consistency, adjustment factors, and multidimensional indicators. The report underscores the need for targeted social policies and institutional support to ensure that the benefits of growth are equitably distributed and that the poorest segments of the population are not left behind.