【亚开行】亚洲发展中的数字创业景观：全球数字创业系统指数的启示_46页_807kb

Summary of Digital Entrepreneurship Landscapes in Developing Asia: Insights from the Global Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems

Core Content

This paper introduces the Global Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems (GIDES), a composite indicator designed to evaluate the performance of digital entrepreneurial ecosystems at the national level. The index is developed to address conceptual and methodological gaps in understanding how digitalization influences entrepreneurship, particularly in developing Asia.

GIDES integrates three key contexts: general, structural, and digital framework conditions, to provide a systemic view of how digital technologies impact entrepreneurial activities. Unlike traditional indices that focus on "count" or "prevalence" of entrepreneurship, GIDES emphasizes the system dynamics of entrepreneurial resource allocation, which is crucial for enhancing Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and economic development.

The paper highlights the transformative role of digital technologies in reshaping entrepreneurial opportunities, enabling new ways of organizing, and facilitating value co-creation. It also introduces the Penalty for Bottleneck (PFB) algorithm, a key methodological tool used to identify system bottlenecks and ensure that weak components do not undermine the performance of the entire digital entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Main Views

• Digital Entrepreneurship (DE) is a new focus in entrepreneurship research, emphasizing the integration of digital technologies into business models and operations.
• The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (EE) concept, while valuable, often lacks integration of the digital context, prompting the development of the Digital Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (DEE).
• DEE is described as a complex, dynamic system involving heterogeneous actors and institutions that support entrepreneurship through digital infrastructure, knowledge transfer, and resource access.
• The systemic approach is critical in evaluating the performance of DEE, as it captures the interconnectedness of various elements and their combined impact on economic outcomes.

Key Information

3.1 Index Structure

• GIDES is composed of 16 pillars, divided into:
  • 4 General Framework Conditions (GFCs): culture and informal institutions, formal institutions, regulation, taxation, market conditions, and physical infrastructure.
  • 12 Systemic Framework Conditions (SFCs): split into three stages of entrepreneurial development (stand-up, start-up, scale-up), with 4 pillars per stage.
• Each pillar includes both digital and non-digital versions, with digital weights reflecting the level of digitalization in the country.
• The index measures digital transformation of entrepreneurship and its potential to drive productivity and economic growth.

3.2 Index Operationalization

• GIDES uses arithmetic means of normalized individual variables to calculate pillar values.
• Robustness analysis is conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the index to different weighting scenarios and to ensure its reliability.
• Five OWA weighting strategies are tested:
  1. Purely optimistic (maximizing the best-performing pillars).
  2. Purely pessimistic (minimizing the worst-performing pillars).
  3. Arithmetic means.
  4. Arithmetic plus geometric means.
  5. Geometric means.
• The PFB algorithm is used to penalize imbalances and ensure that no single pillar dominates the overall index, promoting balanced performance across all components.

3.3 Robustness Analysis Results

• The PFB strategy yields index values that are generally below the average, indicating that substitutability is limited.
• This supports the systemic perspective, where balanced performance is rewarded, and unbalanced performance is penalized.
• The geometric mean and PFB algorithm produce similar results, reinforcing the effectiveness of the index in capturing system dynamics.

4. Findings

• GIDES profiles 113 countries, with a special focus on 21 in developing Asia.
• The index helps policymakers identify areas for intervention and improvement in the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem.
• It highlights the importance of digital infrastructure, knowledge creation, finance, and networking in supporting digital entrepreneurship.
• Digitalization enhances interactions, coordination, and innovation, contributing to economic development and productivity gains.

Conclusion

The GIDES index provides a systemic and comprehensive measure of the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem, enabling policymakers to better understand and support the digital transformation of entrepreneurship. It underscores the need for balanced development of all ecosystem components and highlights the role of digitalization in shaping the future of entrepreneurship in developing Asia.