《2020年森林资源评估》主要发现-16页_1mb

Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 - Key Findings Summary

Core Content

The Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (FRA 2020) provides a comprehensive overview of the world's forests, including their extent, trends, and management. It is a key source for reporting on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators 15.1.1 and 15.2.1, focusing on forest area and sustainable forest management. The data is collected through a transparent and standardized process, involving national correspondents and a global network of contributors.

Key Findings

Global Forest Area

• The world has a total forest area of 4.06 billion hectares, which is 31% of the total land area.
• Forests are not evenly distributed, with the tropical domain accounting for 45%, followed by the boreal, temperate, and subtropical domains.
• Five countries (Russia, Brazil, Canada, USA, and China) hold 54% of the world’s forests.

Net Forest Change

• The world has lost 178 million hectares of forest since 1990, an area equivalent to Libya.
• The rate of net forest loss has decreased over time, from 7.8 million ha/year (1990–2000) to 4.7 million ha/year (2010–2020).
• Africa had the highest net loss of forest area in 2010–2020, at 3.9 million ha, while Asia had the highest net gain.

Forest Regeneration

• 93% of the world’s forests are naturally regenerating, while 7% are planted.
• The area of planted forests has increased by 123 million ha since 1990, but the rate of increase has slowed in recent years.
• Plantation forests account for 3% of the global forest area and 45% of all planted forests.
• South America has the highest proportion of plantation forests (99% of planted forest area), while Europe has the lowest (6% of planted forest area).

Protected Areas

• 726 million hectares of forest are located in legally established protected areas.
• South America has the highest share of forests in protected areas (31%).
• The area of forest in protected areas has increased by 191 million ha since 1990, but the rate of annual increase has slowed.

Primary Forests

• 1.11 billion hectares of primary forests remain globally.
• Brazil, Canada, and Russia together host 61% of the world’s primary forests.
• The area of primary forests has decreased by 81 million ha since 1990, but the rate of loss has more than halved in the last decade.

Forest Management

• 2.05 billion hectares of forest are under long-term management plans globally.
• Europe has the highest proportion of forests with management plans, while Africa and South America have less than 25% and 20%, respectively.
• The area of forest under management plans has increased by 233 million ha since 2000.

Ownership

• 73% of the world’s forests are publicly owned, while 22% are privately owned.
• Oceania, North and Central America, and South America have the highest proportions of private forests.
• The share of publicly owned forests has decreased since 1990, with an increasing share managed by private entities and indigenous communities.

Forest Health and Disturbances

• Fire is the most prevalent disturbance in the tropical domain, affecting 98 million hectares in 2015.
• Insects, diseases, and severe weather damaged 40 million hectares of forest in 2015, mainly in temperate and boreal regions.

Forest Biomass and Carbon

• The world’s forests contain 606 gigatonnes of living biomass and 59 gigatonnes of dead wood.
• Total forest carbon stock decreased slightly from 668 gigatonnes in 1990 to 662 gigatonnes in 2020.
• Carbon density increased slightly from 159 tonnes/ha to 163 tonnes/ha.

Forest Use

• 30% of the world’s forests are used primarily for production (wood and non-wood products).
• 10% of the world’s forests are allocated for biodiversity conservation.
• The area of forest designated for soil and water protection has increased by 119 million ha since 1990.
• 186 million hectares of forest are used mainly for social services such as recreation, tourism, and cultural conservation.

Conclusion

The FRA 2020 highlights both the challenges and progress in global forest management. While the world has lost significant forest area since 1990, the rate of loss has slowed, and there is a growing emphasis on sustainable practices and protected areas. The report underscores the importance of international collaboration and standardized methodologies in monitoring and managing forest resources effectively.