2024-03-13-联合国环境署-2023年全球建筑和施工状况报告_100页_5mb

报告摘要

Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction (2023)

🔑 Key Findings and Recommendations

🏭 Buildings and Construction Sector

Contributes 34% of global energy demand and 37% of energy and process-related CO₂ emissions (3.4GtCO₂ in 2022).
Annual energy demand growth is ~1%, electricity share in buildings reached 35% (up from 30% in 2010).
CO₂ emissions decreased slightly to 3Gt in 2022 from 3.6Gt in 2021, but still 6% higher than the start of the decade.
Energy intensity improved 3.5% to 145kWh/m², but still 66% higher than NZE scenario.
Renewable energy use reached 6% of building energy demand.

📈 Global Buildings Climate Tracker

Gap between current state and desired decarbonisation path is large.
Decarbonisation index stagnated from 2015-2022 (at similar levels as start).
Reference path gap: Need to increase decarbonisation points to ~10 points yearly. Only ~6 points were achieved from 2015-2021.

🏢 National Policies and Building Energy Codes

80% of floor area growth by 2030 occurs in developing economies → 75% lack building energy codes.
Only ~30% of codes updated since 2015. 3% align with NZEB by 2030 goals.
28 countries pledged to Buildings Breakthrough at COP28.

💰 Investment and Financing

2022 energy efficiency investment: US$285bn (down 9.3% YoY).
Necessary investments to align with NZE scenario: US$537.7bn annually by 2030.
Dependence on climate finance, public buildings policy reforms, & corporate climate strategies.

🤝 Recommendations

💡 For Policymakers & Decision Makers:

Develop & implement climate action roadmaps for buildings sector.
Promote retrofitting existing buildings at accelerated rates (~3-5%/year to reduce emissions by 50% by 2030).
Strengthen building energy codes, aligned with NZEB standards.
Increase investment in energy-efficient & net-zero carbon buildings.
Raise ambition levels in NDCs, especially considering buildings energy requirements.

🔬 For Researchers & NGOs:

Support development of evidence-based climate actions for buildings.
Raise awareness on importance of decarbonizing the buildings sector.
Advocate for sustainable financing policies.

Key Challenges: Slow decarbonization progress, financing constraints, limited regulatory framework in developing economies, data gaps on embodied carbon emissions.

展开完整摘要