联合国：《人类安全报告》（英）-188页_5mb

Summary of New threats to human security in the Anthropocene: Demanding greater solidarity

Core Content

This Special Report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) explores the evolving nature of human security in the Anthropocene, an era defined by human-driven planetary change. It highlights the paradox that while people are living longer, healthier, and wealthier lives, their sense of security has not improved. Instead, new and interconnected threats have emerged, undermining human development and exacerbating feelings of insecurity.

The report argues that the Anthropocene has created a new context where human security is increasingly linked to planetary pressures. These include climate change, biodiversity loss, digital technology, and rising inequalities. The interplay between these factors has intensified the risks to human security, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exposed vulnerabilities and deepened social and economic divides.

Main Points

• Human Security Paradox: Despite improvements in health, wealth, and longevity, people's sense of security has declined. This trend is evident globally and has been exacerbated by the pandemic.
• Anthropocene Context: The era of human-driven environmental change has led to new forms of insecurity. These threats are interconnected and require systemic responses.
• Key Threats:
  • Digital Technology: While offering potential solutions, digital expansion introduces new risks such as cyber insecurity, artificial intelligence biases, and unequal access to technological innovation.
  • Violent Conflict: Conflict is increasing in parallel with human development, and its impact is more pronounced in high Human Development Index (HDI) countries.
  • Inequalities: Horizontal inequalities, particularly along lines of race, ethnicity, and gender, threaten human dignity and security. These are compounded by economic and social disparities.
  • Healthcare System Challenges: The pandemic has exposed weaknesses in healthcare systems, leading to increased noncommunicable disease mortality, delayed treatments, and unequal vaccine distribution.
• Solidarity as a Solution: The report emphasizes the need for greater solidarity in addressing these threats. It advocates for a shift from viewing people as passive victims to recognizing their agency in shaping a more secure future.
• Human Security Framework: The report updates the human security concept to include the interdependence between people and the planet, as outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Key Findings

• Global Insecurity: Over 6 in 7 people worldwide felt moderately or very insecure before the pandemic.
• Impact of Pandemic: The pandemic has caused an unprecedented decline in HDI values and deepened health and economic inequalities.
• Climate Change and Insecurity: Climate change is expected to cause significant harm, particularly in developing countries, with projections indicating that up to 40 million people could die due to rising temperatures by the end of the century.
• Forced Displacement: The number of forcibly displaced people has doubled in the past decade, reaching 82.4 million in 2020.
• Healthcare Disparities: Noncommunicable diseases now cause more deaths than infectious diseases, and vaccine distribution remains highly unequal.
• Violence Against Women and Girls: The pandemic has intensified violence against women and girls, with over 47,000 intentional killings by intimate partners or family members in 2020.

Recommendations

• Promote Solidarity: Human security strategies must prioritize solidarity to address the interconnected nature of modern threats.
• Enhance Resilience: Invest in prevention and resilience-building to mitigate the effects of climate change, digital risks, and conflict.
• Rebuild Trust and Equity: Strengthen social contracts and promote equity and trust at a global level.
• Reform Healthcare Systems: Develop more inclusive and universal healthcare systems that address both physical and mental health challenges.
• Empower Marginalized Groups: Focus on the agency of vulnerable populations, especially women, girls, and marginalized communities, to enhance their security and dignity.

Conclusion

The report calls for a reimagining of human security in the Anthropocene. It suggests that the traditional focus on individual or community security must be expanded to include the interdependence between people and the planet. By fostering solidarity, enhancing agency, and addressing systemic inequalities, the world can move towards a more secure and equitable future.