国际能源署ClimateClub2025工业脱碳政策工具箱英文版186页_3mb

Policy Toolbox for Industrial Decarbonisation Summary

Core Content

The Policy Toolbox for Industrial Decarbonisation is a comprehensive resource developed by the International Energy Agency (IEA) as part of the Climate Club Work Programme. It serves as a guide for governments and other stakeholders to design, implement, and refine industrial decarbonisation strategies. The toolbox is structured into three broad areas, each containing specific policy instruments aimed at achieving long-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions.

Main Areas and Categories

The Policy Toolbox is divided into three broad areas, with nine categories of policy instruments:

1. Framework Fundamentals

• 1.1 Establishing plans and policy for long-term GHG emission reductions
• 1.2 Mobilising finance and investment

2. Targeted Actions for Specific Technologies and Strategies

• 2.1 Managing existing assets and near-term investment
• 2.2 Creating a market for near-zero emissions materials production
• 2.3 Developing technologies
• 2.4 Accelerating material efficiency and circularity

3. Necessary Enabling Conditions

• 3.1 International co-operation and a level playing field
• 3.2 Infrastructure planning and development
• 3.3 Tracking progress and improving data

Key Policy Instruments

1.1 Establishing plans and policy for long-term GHG emission reductions

• Purpose: To provide a clear, predictable long-term policy signal for emission reductions.
• Instruments: Roadmaps, plans, targets (including Nationally Determined Contributions [NDCs]), carbon pricing (ETSs, carbon taxes), tradeable performance standards (TPSs), and just transition planning.
• Role: These policies inform stakeholders about the direction of industrial decarbonisation and set the framework for long-term operations.
• Considerations: Governments should consider their budgetary resources, the likelihood of achieving objectives, and stakeholder perceptions when selecting instruments.

1.2 Mobilising finance and investment

• Purpose: To encourage investment in low- and near-zero emissions technologies.
• Instruments: Direct public funding, public equity investment, subsidised interest rates, public guarantees, contracts for difference (CfDs), tax credits, public-private partnerships (PPPs), blended finance, and sustainable investment schemes.
• Role: These instruments provide financial support and incentives to accelerate the transition to cleaner industrial practices.
• Considerations: Governments need to assess the complexity of implementation, economic efficiency, and stakeholder acceptability.

2.1 Managing existing assets and near-term investment

• Purpose: To reduce emissions from existing industrial infrastructure.
• Instruments: Retrofit-ready builds, sunset clauses, measures to reduce excess capacity, and carbon product requirements (CPRs).
• Role: These policies help in the transition of current industrial assets to lower emissions.

2.2 Creating a market for near-zero emissions materials production

• Purpose: To stimulate the market for low-carbon materials.
• Instruments: Public procurement, state-backed intermediaries, private procurement, collaborative procurements, material mandates, and embodied carbon limits/taxes.
• Role: These policies aim to create demand for near-zero emissions materials and support their production.

2.3 Developing earlier-stage technologies

• Purpose: To support the development of new low-carbon technologies.
• Instruments: R&D and demonstration funding, innovation networks, and regulatory sandboxes.
• Role: These policies facilitate the innovation and testing of emerging technologies.

2.4 Accelerating material efficiency

• Purpose: To optimise material use and promote circular economy practices.
• Instruments: Modified design regulations, incentives for extended end-use, demolition/landfilling fees, training programs, and material efficiency certifications.
• Role: These policies encourage efficient use of materials and reduce waste.

3.1 International co-operation and a level playing field

• Purpose: To promote global collaboration and equitable standards.
• Instruments: Carbon border adjustments (CBAs), international technology co-development, multilateral alliances, and capacity-building.
• Role: These policies ensure that international standards and cooperation support the decarbonisation effort.

3.2 Infrastructure planning and development

• Purpose: To support the development of necessary infrastructure.
• Instruments: Coordinated planning, public financing, and streamlined permitting.
• Role: These policies ensure that the physical and institutional infrastructure is in place to support low-carbon industrial activities.

3.3 Tracking progress and improving data

• Purpose: To enhance data collection and reporting for policy evaluation.
• Instruments: Standards, definitions, certifications, and labelling for low-carbon materials.
• Role: These policies help in monitoring and improving the effectiveness of decarbonisation strategies.

Key Indicators for Policy Implementation

The report identifies four key indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of policy instruments:

1. Effectiveness: The likelihood of achieving the desired emission reductions.
2. Simplicity: The ease of implementation and monitoring.
3. Stakeholder acceptability: The political and social feasibility of the policy.
4. Economic efficiency: The cost-benefit ratio of the policy.

These indicators are used to guide the selection and design of policies, with best practices provided for each.

International Collaboration and Policy Mapping

The Policy Toolbox draws on policy mapping exercises conducted by the IEA and OECD for the Climate Club, focusing on steel and cement sectors. These exercises provide examples of policy instruments implemented in various countries, serving as a reference for other nations.

The report encourages international collaboration through knowledge-sharing, access to financing, and harmonised standards. It also highlights the dynamic and interactive nature of the toolbox, inviting contributions from Climate Club members and other stakeholders.

Conclusion

The Policy Toolbox is a technology-agnostic guide that supports governments in tailoring policies to their specific needs and circumstances. It emphasizes the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration, long-term planning, and financial mobilisation in achieving deep emissions reductions. The report aims to provide inspiration and practical guidance for policy makers, helping them to design and implement effective strategies for industrial decarbonisation.