2022-04-13-世界卫生组织-Annex_for_Phase_2_of_COVAX_Allocation_Framework_6页_502kb

Annex 3: Phase 2 of the Allocation Mechanism

1. Background and Evolution

• First announced in Sep 2020; context significantly changed by Feb 2022 (11 billion doses administered).
• Aligns with updated WHO SAGE Roadmap focusing on protecting priority groups and expanding to lower ones.
• COVAX 2022 Strategy goals: support countries achieve vaccination coverage targets, contributing to global strategy.
• The original Phase 2 design has evolved to prioritize low-coverage countries, enhance supply security and predictability.

2. Rationale for Phase 2

• Leaning from Phase 1 changes: dedicated supply from all sources (COVAX + outside), absorption capacity considerations, shipment sequencing based on threat/vulnerability.
• Improved global production capacity meeting increased supply, leading to a move to mainly demand-driven allocation.
• Address challenges from unvaccinated populations and limitations found in rapid scaling during case surges.

3. Allocation Design for Phase 2

Guiding Principles

• Move to primarily pull, demand-driven approach.
• Enhance equity by considering all supply sources and targeting low-coverage countries.

Objectives

1. Improve supply security and diversity.
2. Provide greater predictability and clarity.
3. Enhance simplicity, flexibility and reduce transaction costs.
4. Support tailored portfolio and program implementation.

Scope

• Focused on donor-funded, facilitated and donated doses for AMC-91 participants.
• Excludes cost-sharing, self-financing participants, and ancillaries.

Design Process (Three Steps)

1. Information Gathering:

   • Participants provide demand based on vaccination targets and needs.
   • COVAX collects updated monthly supply forecast.

2. Matching:

   • COVAX matches demand with supply forecast, applying prioritization rules to support all participants but with emphasis on low-coverage ones.

3. Allocation and Delivery:

   • COVAX offers a 6-month rolling allocation.
   • Participants accept or decline allocations; confirmed volumes are scheduled and shipped monthly.

4. Governance for Phase 2

• Oversight shifts to focus on:
  • Strategic monitoring and guidance by the Independent Allocation Vaccines Group (IAVG).
  • Operational responsibility and coordination handled by the Joint Allocation Taskforce (JAT) and COVAX Facility Secretariat.

5. Urgent Allocations (Q2 2022)

• Special procedure for exceptional cases in April-June 2022 with volume ≤10 million doses.
• Governance simplified with less IAVG involvement.