2021-11-13-蒙田研究所-重塑欧洲银行业（英）_91页_3mb

Since the financial and sovereign debt crises, European banks have exhibited a paradox: they are significantly more resilient with stronger solvency and liquidity ratios, yet their profitability has declined, with lower equity returns compared to American banks. This underperformance stems from a less risky balance sheet, higher operational costs, regulatory burdens, and market fragmentation.

Increased competition from fintechs, digital players, and nonbank entities further threatens their competitiveness. Long-term issues include inadequate financing for investment, potential erosion in their ability to support economic stability through capital markets and credit provision, and risks to European sovereignty.

Proposed solutions include refocusing banks on core activities, fostering strategic partnerships with fintechs, leveraging green finance and digitalization for growth, deepening Banking and Capital Markets Unions, advancing regulatory reforms like finalizing Basel III, and promoting cross-border integration and industrial policy support.

This reinvention is crucial for safeguarding Europe's banking sector, ensuring financial stability, financing the ecological transition, and maintaining sovereignty and competitiveness in a rapidly evolving financial system.