2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Zambia_2021_country_profile_10页_375kb

WHO Report Summary: Zambia's Tobacco Control Profile (2021)

Overview

Zambia is a middle-income country that has signed but not fully ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). It has a national tobacco control program with limited resources. Tobacco use is high, particularly among males, and the country has partial implementation of MPOWER measures, with compliance ranging from moderate to minimal across various domains.

Key MPOWER Measures

• Monitoring: Recent national surveys indicate high tobacco use, with adult male prevalence at 19.6% and adolescent male use at 24.9%. Age-standardized estimates show high smoking rates (e.g., male smoking prevalence of 25.5%).
• Smoke-Free Environments: Compliance score is 4/10, indicating minimal enforcement; no comprehensive bans in all public places, and subnational authorities lack authority to implement such laws.
• Cessation Programmes: Treatment for tobacco dependence exists in some settings, but not fully covered by health insurance. NRT and cessation services are available in health-care and educational facilities partially, but coverage is limited; compliance score not specified.
• Health Warnings: Mandatory health warnings on cigarette packages cover specific percentages of the principal display areas, including photographs and graphic elements. Warnings address harmful effects but do not include rotation or plain packaging.
• Mass Media: A national anti-tobacco media campaign ran in 2018-2020 on television and radio, but no pre-campaign research or evaluation was conducted; it was part of a government program.
• Advertising Bans: No comprehensive bans on direct or indirect tobacco advertising, promotion, or sponsorship; compliance for indirect bans is not reported.
• Taxation: Taxes on cigarettes are substantial, with total taxes at 38.79% of retail price. However, affordability decreased, requiring 11.84% of GDP per capita to buy 100 packs in 2020. Earmarked taxes for health were not reported.

Other Details

• No specific national government objectives for tobacco control were identified.
• National prevalence surveys are recent, but subnational data are unavailable.
• Tobacco taxation revenues are reported for 2017, but no earmarking for health was documented.