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Summary of the National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in France 2024

Core Content

This document is the National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in France 2024, part of the IEA PVPS Task 1 Strategic PV Analysis & Outreach. It provides a comprehensive overview of the development and current status of photovoltaic (PV) power systems in France, including technical, economic, environmental, and policy-related aspects.

Main Points

1. Highlights of PV Development in 2024

• Feed-in Tariffs: New feed-in tariffs for overseas territories were announced, while discussions continued for small ground-mounted systems on urbanised land.
• Market Trends:
  • The total installed PV capacity reached 30.5 GW DC (or 25.3 GW AC) by the end of 2024.
  • Over 6 GW of new capacity was installed in 2024, with 3.3 GW accessing feed-in tariffs.
  • Roof-mounted systems accounted for over 2/3 of the total new capacity, with commercial systems (100 kW to 250 kW) representing the largest segment at 35%.
  • Residential segment saw a 5% drop in market share, while industrial and utility scale segments declined slightly.
  • Self-consumption increased by 10%, with over half of new residential and commercial capacity used for self-consumption.

2. Installation Data

2.1 Applications for Photovoltaics

• Grid-connected systems dominate, with the following categories:
  • Residential (house and multi-apartment): 3 kW to 9 kW systems.
  • Commercial, agricultural, and industrial systems on buildings: 36 kW to 250 kW AC or ~300 kW DC.
  • Industrial building-mounted or parking canopy systems: 250 kW to 1 MW.
  • Utility-scale ground-mounted systems: over 1 MW.
• Off-grid systems are limited and not officially tracked.
• Micro (balcony) systems and agrivoltaics are emerging but still small.

2.2 Total photovoltaic power installed

• Decentralised (under 1 MW): 4.139 GW DC.
• Centralised (over 1 MW): 1.871 GW DC.
• Total installed capacity: 6.010 GW DC.
• Cumulative capacity as of 2024: 30.5 GW DC.

2.3 Key enablers of PV development

• Decentralised storage systems: 8,391 systems on mainland and 2,618 in overseas territories.
• Residential heat pumps: Over 1.0 million systems.
• 100% electric cars: 317,501 vehicles.
• Hybrid rechargeables: 147,213 units.

3. Competitiveness of PV Electricity

• Module prices have continued to decline, with 2024 prices ranging from 0.09 to 0.22 EUR/Wp.
• System prices have also decreased slightly, though utility-scale systems have seen less reduction due to rising costs of mounting supports, studies, and financing.
• Residential systems have the highest price variance, with residential clients paying from 0.2 EUR/Wp to over 1 EUR/Wp.

4. Policy Framework

• National targets: France has ambitious targets for PV growth, with government support fluctuating over time.
• Direct support policies include feed-in tariffs, tenders, and auctions.
• Self-consumption and collective self-consumption are supported through various measures.
• Utility-scale measures include floating and agricultural PV.
• Indirect policy issues involve grid integration and regulatory frameworks.
• Financing: Various programs support PV development, including those for commercial and utility-scale projects.

5. Industry Overview

• Production: Includes ingots and wafers, PV cells and modules, and other components.
• Manufacturing projects: Ongoing in France, with contributions from major companies like TotalEnergies and EDF R&D.
• Recycling: Active through PV Cycle France.

6. PV in the Economy

• Labour places: PV industry contributes to employment.
• Business value: PV sector has significant economic value, contributing to the broader energy market.

7. Interest From Electricity Stakeholders

• Electricity utility businesses are interested in PV integration.
• Municipalities and local governments are also engaged in promoting PV development.
• Grid connection queue has over 6 GW of projects with signed preliminary DSO contracts and 19 GW of authorised projects.

8. Prospects

• The report outlines the future outlook for PV in France, including the potential for further growth and integration into the energy system.

Key Information

• Authors: M. del l'Epine (main content), E. Lassarra, A. Barguès (analysis), with data from ENEDIS, SDES, RTE.
• Data sources:
  • SDES (Service de la donnée et des études statistiques)
  • Enedis (national DSO)
  • RTE (transport grid manager)
  • CRE (Commission de Régulation de l’Énergie)
  • Various industry reports and studies.
• Conversion factor: 1.2 (AC to DC) is used unless otherwise specified.
• Data quality: Provisional and may be revised, with potential discrepancies depending on the segment.

Conclusion

The report highlights the significant growth and development of PV in France in 2024, with a focus on grid-connected systems, declining module prices, and the increasing role of self-consumption. It also outlines the challenges and opportunities in the PV sector, including policy support, market dynamics, and industry contributions. The data collected and analysed supports the broader IEA PVPS Trends in photovoltaic applications report.