2018年-世界发展银行全球_Toward_Great_Dhaka___A_New_Urban_Development_Paradigm_Eastward_183页_19mb

Summary: Toward Great Dhaka - A New Urban Development Paradigm Eastward

Core Content

This report, Toward Great Dhaka: A New Urban Development Paradigm Eastward, explores the potential for transforming Dhaka into a thriving global city by strategically developing the area to the east of its urban core. The authors, including Julia Bird, Yue Li, Hossain Zillur Rahman, Martin Rama, and Anthony J. Venables, highlight the unique opportunity presented by East Dhaka and propose a new urban development model to address current challenges and unlock economic growth.

Main Points

The Importance of Dhaka

• Dhaka is the economic and political heart of Bangladesh, home to one-tenth of the population and generating over one-fifth of the country’s GDP.
• It provides more than 40% of formal sector jobs and has played a key role in reducing national poverty.
• However, it faces severe challenges: congestion, poor water management, flooding, slum proliferation, and uneven service delivery.

The Opportunity in East Dhaka

• East Dhaka is a largely rural area with potential for large-scale urban development.
• It is within 6 km of the city’s most valuable parts and is on the path of two major highway corridors.
• Private developers are already filling the land with sand, creating new housing, but this unplanned growth risks replicating the problems of the western part.

The Need for Strategic Development

• A strategic approach to East Dhaka could decongest the current city, improve livability, and increase economic output.
• The report outlines a model to simulate the impact of different development scenarios on population, housing, economic activity, and commuting times across Greater Dhaka.

Key Interventions

• Building the eastern embankment along the Balu River: Reduces flood risk and increases land availability for urban use.
• Developing transport infrastructure: Includes a new bus rapid transport (BRT) line, and segments of mass rapid transit (MRT) to improve connectivity.
• Reducing business costs: Creating a new central business district (CBD) in East Dhaka to attract high-value-added industries and improve job quality and income levels.

Economic and Social Benefits

• These interventions could lead to a more spatially balanced population distribution, increased job opportunities, and higher household incomes.
• East Dhaka could become a modern economic pole, contributing significantly to national prosperity and helping Dhaka become a global city.

Key Information

Challenges of Current Urbanization

• Dhaka is densely populated (29,000 people per square kilometer), which has led to environmental and social issues.
• Slums are prevalent, and the city ranks poorly in global livability indices.
• Congestion and poor transportation infrastructure reduce productivity and quality of life.

The Role of Institutional Arrangements

• The report emphasizes the need for strong coordination among urban authorities and effective implementation of development plans.
• Examples of successful implementation include the Hatirjheel Lake rehabilitation project.

Lessons from Shanghai

• The rapid growth of Shanghai, particularly the development of Pudong, is cited as a model for Dhaka.
• Pudong’s success was due to strategic planning, investment in infrastructure, and institutional support.

Financial and Logistical Considerations

• The proposed investments in East Dhaka are within the range of long-term financing available from the World Bank and other multilateral and bilateral organizations.
• The report highlights the importance of soft reforms, such as improving governance and reducing bureaucratic hurdles, to support economic transformation.

Future Outlook

• If implemented, the strategic development of East Dhaka could lead to a more prosperous and balanced city by 2035.
• The report underscores that the time to act is now, as the opportunity may soon be lost due to unregulated growth.

Conclusion

Toward Great Dhaka presents a compelling case for a new urban development paradigm that can help Bangladesh achieve its middle-income status. By focusing on East Dhaka with a strategic, well-coordinated, and economically sound approach, the city can avoid the pitfalls of unplanned urbanization and become a model for sustainable and inclusive growth in South Asia.