2007-12-31-世界卫生组织-2008_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Dominica_2页_79kb

Dominica STEPS Survey 2008 Summary

Introduction

The Dominica STEPS Survey was conducted from November 2007 to May 2008 as part of the PAHO/WHO STEPS Protocol to assess chronic disease risk factors. It included three steps: sociodemographic and behavioral data collection (Step 1), physical measurements (Step 2), and biochemical tests (Step 3). The survey targeted adults aged 15-64 years, using a multi-stage cluster sampling design, with 1,059 participants. Key risk factors examined included tobacco use, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and cholesterol.

Key Findings

Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors (Step 1)

• Tobacco Use: Approximately 10.2% of adults smoked tobacco (95% CI: 7.7-12.6%), with daily smoking at 5.5% (95% CI: 3.4-7.6). Males had higher smoking rates, while females were rarely smokers.
• Alcohol Consumption: About 51.3% consumed alcohol in the past 30 days (95% CI: 47.7-55.0). Among drinkers, 10.9% consumed alcohol on 4 or more days in the last week (95% CI: 7.7-14.0). Heavy drinking was more common in males.
• Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Average consumption was low, with fewer than 5 servings per day reported by 91.3% of participants (95% CI: 89.1-93.4). Specifically, fruit servings averaged 1.2-1.4 per day, and vegetable servings 0.8-0.9 per day.
• Physical Activity: Low activity levels were reported by 24.0% of adults (95% CI: 21.0-27.1), defined as less than 600 MET-minutes per week. Daily activity time averaged 162-480 minutes for both sexes combined.

Physical Measurements (Step 2)

• BMI and Obesity: Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) affected 45.1% (95% CI: 41.0-49.2), with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) at 20.2% (95% CI: 17.3-23.1). Females had higher rates of female-specific metrics, such as BMI (mean 23.7 vs. 27.7 for both sexes).
• Waist Circumference and Blood Pressure: Average waist circumference was 82.2 cm (95% CI: 80.7-83.7). Elevated blood pressure affected 32.1% (95% CI: 28.8-35.4) of adults, including those on medication.

Biochemical Measurements (Step 3)

• Blood Glucose and Diabetes: Mean fasting blood glucose was 5.4 mmol/L (95% CI: 5.1-5.7). Elevated fasting glucose (≥7.0 mmol/L) was reported in 17.7% (95% CI: 9.2-26.2), and impaired fasting glycaemia affected 28.2% (95% CI: 19.5-36.8).
• Cholesterol Levels: 7.7% (95% CI: 6.8-8.9) had elevated total cholesterol (≥5.0 mmol/L), with higher rates among older adults.

Risk Factor Combinations

• Chronic disease risk was defined by the presence of at least three factors: tobacco use, low fruit/vegetable intake (<5 servings/day), low physical activity, overweight, elevated blood pressure, or elevated blood glucose/cholesterol.
• Low-risk individuals constituted a small minority (2.8-3.8% across sex groups), while high-risk rates varied by age, up to 47.4% among those aged 45-64.