世界银行-评估欧盟27国的商业环境_概述（英）_10页_1mb

EU Business Environment Report Summary

1. Regional Economic Disparities: Significant income and development gaps exist across sub-national regions within the EU-27, driving a policy focus on regional convergence. Higher-income areas with advanced technology face different challenges compared to lower-income regions with older industries.

2. Top Business Obstacles: Two primary obstacles reported by firms across 186 NUTS-2 regions:

   • Inadequately educated workforce (cited by 74% of regions), common in wealthier, tech-driven areas.
   • Tax rates (cited by 28% of regions), prevalent in poorer, traditional-industry regions, often near the periphery.

3. COVID-19 Impact: Analysis suggests minimal change in top obstacle reports related to the pandemic, but partial data collection (earlier vs. during-pandemic) introduces confounding factors.

4. Convergence and Growth: Post-pandemic, regional convergence has slowed compared to pre-pandemic trends, particularly affecting middle-income regions more severely during the crisis. Most regions align closely with their country’s overall income level.

5. Firm-Level Drivers: Productivity and size influence the likelihood of reporting obstacles. Less developed regions show weaker connections between productivity and workforce issues but harsher tax frustration in productive firms.

6. Series Overview: This report sets up an ongoing series examining obstacles more deeply, focusing on skills, access to finance, regulatory environments, and other factors influencing firm performance in the EU.