欧洲疾控中心-2024_25年欧盟_欧洲经济区国家季节性流感疫苗接种建议和覆盖率调查报告（英）-2025_27页_1mb

Summary of ECDC Survey on Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Recommendations and Coverage Rates in EU/EEA Countries, 2024/25

Core Content

This report from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) provides an overview of seasonal influenza vaccination recommendations and coverage rates (VCRs) across all 30 EU/EEA countries for the 2024/25 influenza season. It highlights policy developments, current recommendations, and coverage levels for key target groups, including children and adolescents, older adults, individuals with chronic medical conditions, pregnant women, and healthcare workers.

Main Findings

1. Vaccination Recommendations

• Children and Adolescents: All 30 EU/EEA countries have recommendations for children and adolescents, either age-based or risk-based.

  • 19 countries have age-based recommendations (ages 6 months to under 18 years).
  • 11 countries recommend vaccination for specific risk groups only.
  • Some countries (Cyprus, Latvia, Greece, and Finland) have wider age-range recommendations for risk groups than for the general population.

• Adults: All 30 countries have age-based recommendations for adults.

  • 5 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Poland, Liechtenstein) recommend vaccination for all adults ≥18 years.
  • 14 countries target adults ≥65 years.
  • 11 countries target adults ≥60 years.
  • Some countries (e.g., Slovakia, Malta) have lower age thresholds (≥59, ≥55 years respectively).

• Chronic Medical Conditions: All 30 countries recommend vaccination for individuals with chronic conditions such as pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, metabolic, haematological, neurological diseases, and immunosuppression.

  • HIV, morbid obesity, and compromised respiratory function are included in most countries.
  • 23 countries fully fund vaccination for these groups, while some have partial or no funding.

• Pregnant Women: All 30 countries recommend influenza vaccination during pregnancy.

  • 23 countries recommend vaccination for all pregnant women, regardless of trimester or conditions.
  • Malta and Denmark limit recommendations to those with medical conditions.
  • Some countries specify vaccination for certain trimesters.

• Healthcare Workers (HCWs): 29 countries have recommendations for HCWs, with Denmark having none.

  • 23 countries recommend vaccination for all HCWs.
  • 6 countries limit recommendations to those in close contact with patients or contaminated materials.
  • Funding varies, with most countries fully funding vaccination, while some rely on employer contributions or have no funding.

2. Vaccination Coverage Rates (VCRs)

• Children and Adolescents:

  • 13 countries reported VCRs, ranging from 1% to 48.1%.
  • Spain (48.1%), Finland (32.9%), Iceland (22.2%), and Ireland (20.4%) had the highest coverage.
  • Median VCR for the 2024/25 season was 6.9%, slightly lower than the 2023/24 season (7.2%).

• Older Adults:

  • 22 countries reported VCRs for older adults (≥65 years), ranging from 3% to 76%.
  • Median VCR was 47%, up from 45.7% in 2023/24 but down from 55.2% in 2022/23.
  • Only Denmark (76%), Ireland (74.7%), Portugal (70.5%), and Sweden (68%) reached or exceeded the EU Council’s 75% target.

• Adults with Chronic Conditions:

  • Only two countries (Denmark and France) reported VCRs for adults with chronic conditions.
  • Denmark: 30% for adults 18–64 years (excluding pregnant women).
  • France: 25.3% for adults <65 years with medical conditions.
  • No meaningful comparison with previous seasons could be made due to limited data.

• Pregnant Women:

  • 8 countries reported VCRs, ranging from <2% to 60.9%.
  • Spain (60.9%), Ireland (34.7%), and Finland (58.9%) had the highest coverage.
  • Most countries had coverage below 10%, with Lithuania at 1%.

• Healthcare Workers:

  • 9 countries reported VCRs, ranging from 13.5% to 62.8%.
  • Latvia (62.8%) and Spain (39.5%) had the highest coverage.
  • Median VCR was 32%, up from 22.1% in 2023/24 and 24.7% in 2022/23.

Key Points and Public Health Implications

• Expansion of Recommendations: All 30 countries now recommend seasonal influenza vaccination to children and adolescents, marking a significant increase from previous seasons.
• Coverage Gaps: Despite policy expansion, vaccination coverage remains low in many countries, especially among older adults and pregnant women.
• Funding and Vaccine Types: Most countries fully fund both the vaccine and its administration, though some (e.g., Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia) have partial or no funding. IIV4 and LAIV are widely used, with some countries recommending adjuvanted or high-dose vaccines for specific groups.
• Need for Improvement: There is a strong need to improve vaccine uptake and address barriers, especially in countries where coverage is below 10%.
• Data Availability: Limited data on coverage for certain groups (e.g., adults with chronic conditions) hinders comprehensive analysis and progress tracking.
• Digital Infrastructure: Investment in digital systems is necessary to improve data collection and monitoring of vaccination programs.

Recommendations

• Strengthen implementation of expanded recommendations, especially for children and adolescents.
• Address systemic barriers to vaccination and improve uptake in underperforming groups.
• Enhance data collection and digital monitoring to ensure accurate and consistent reporting.
• Continue aligning national policies with EU and global recommendations to ensure equitable and effective vaccination programs.

Conclusion

The 2024/25 influenza season saw a significant expansion of vaccination recommendations across all EU/EEA countries, particularly for children and adolescents. However, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal, especially among older adults and pregnant women. While some progress has been made, further efforts are needed to increase uptake and improve data tracking to support effective public health interventions.