联合国贸易发展委员会-绘制最不发达国家脱碳路线图的关键优先事项（英）-2023-31页_1mb

Key Priorities in Charting Decarbonization Pathways in Least Developed Countries

The paper emphasizes the critical need for LDCs to chart decarbonization pathways due to their unique challenges and vulnerabilities. LDCs face significant trade-offs between economic development and climate action, exacerbated by limited financial, technical, and institutional capacities. Decarbonization pathways provide a framework for evidence-based decision-making, balancing these trade-offs and leveraging synergies while avoiding stranded assets.

Key Policy Priorities:

1. Energy Transition and Access:

   • Energy markets in LDCs are characterized by high informal employment, traditional energy use (e.g., biofuels), and limited access to modern energy (less than 50% in many LDCs). Decarbonization must prioritize affordable, reliable, and scalable renewable energy solutions, considering both centralized and decentralized options to address rural and urban needs alike.

2. Equity and Differentiated Responsibilities:

   • Global emissions are highly unequal, with LDCs contributing minimally but facing the brunt of climate impacts. Their historical lack of responsibility necessitates support for climate finance and technology transfer to enable low-carbon transitions without exacerbating poverty or inequality.

3. Land-Based Mitigation and Sustainable Development:

   • LDCs hold much of the potential for land-based climate mitigation (e.g., forests, agriculture, wetlands). Decarbonization strategies must integrate land-use changes to reduce emissions while supporting sustainable livelihoods, including measures like REDD+ and debt-for-nature swaps, though their effectiveness is debated.

4. Financing and Capacity Building, International Cooperation:
   International finance and technology transfer are crucial for LDCs to scale up decarbonization efforts, requiring robust mechanisms to ensure accessibility and implementation support.

Summary Notes:

• Key Priorities: Strengthen stakeholder participation, enable data-driven policy assessments, and build institutional capacity for sustainable energy transitions.
• Local Contexts: Prioritize the informal economy, traditional practices, and decentralized energy systems.
• Challenges: Address financial constraints, stranded assets, and geopolitical factors shaping climate cooperation.
• Guidelines: Tailor decarbonization models to LDC-specific socio-economic contexts and policy priorities.

In essence, the transition must be coordinated across development and climate goals, with strong international support to bridge the systemic gaps that hinder LDCs from achieving low-carbon pathways.