世界银行-东亚的工业脱碳_能源_金融_技术和就业的转型（英）-2025_242页_3mb

Industrial Decarbonization in East Asia: Summary

A report by The World Bank highlights pathways for achieving net-zero industrial emissions in the East Asian region, focusing on China, Indonesia, and Viet Nam. The analysis demonstrates that a combination of energy efficiency, electrification, carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS), and green hydrogen can eliminate up to 96 percent of industrial CO₂ emissions across the region by midcentury, at an investment cost of trillions over the next three decades.

Key findings:

• Industrial emissions—especially from iron and steel, chemicals, and nonmetallic minerals—dominate the energy mix in East Asia, contributing over a third of global industrial CO₂.
• Electrification (Tiers 2a and 2b), energy efficiency (Tier 1), and CCUS (Tier 3) show the highest abatement potential per dollar invested, with Tier 2a delivering up to $115 per tonne of CO₂ avoided in Indonesia. Total abatement costs for these tiers across East Asia range from $400 to $550/tonne.
• By 2050, decarbonization could cut electricity demand by 45–90 percent relative to a business-as-usual scenario, necessitating massive renewable capacity expansion (e.g., over 20 GW by 2030).
• Policy recommendations focus on accelerating electrification via market incentives, standardized heat pump business models, reducing energy costs through grid modernization, and targeted investments in workforce training and demand-side flexibility.

East Asia stands in a unique position to drive global industrial decarbonization, supported by robust policy frameworks and strategic infrastructure investments.