2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_Greece_71页_1mb

Doing Business 2018 Summary: Greece

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report is a flagship publication by the World Bank Group that evaluates business regulations across 190 economies and selected cities. It provides objective, quantitative indicators that measure the regulatory environment for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) throughout their life cycle. The report encourages regulatory reforms by offering measurable benchmarks and is a valuable resource for academics, journalists, and private sector researchers.

Main Indicators and Their Descriptions

Key Findings on Greece

Ease of Doing Business in Greece

• Ranking: Greece ranks 80th out of 190 economies.
• Distance to Frontier (DTF): Greece has a DTF score of 43.5 out of 100, indicating the distance from the best performance observed in the sample.
• Region: Greece is categorized as an OECD high-income economy.
• Income Category: High income.
• Population: 10,746,740.
• GNI Per Capita: US$18,960.
• City Covered: Athens.

Starting a Business

• Procedures: 4 procedures for both men and women.
• Time: 12.5 days for both men and women.
• Cost: 2.2% of income per capita for both men and women.
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0.0% of income per capita.
• DTF Score: 43.5.
• Overall Best Performer: New Zealand (DTF score 100).

Dealing with Construction Permits

• Procedures: 18 procedures.
• Time: 124 days.
• Cost: 2.0% of warehouse value.
• Building Quality Control Index: 12.0 out of 15.
• Overall Best Performer: Denmark (DTF score 7.00).

Comparative Analysis

• Procedures: Greece has more procedures than OECD high-income economies.
• Time: Greece takes more time than OECD high-income economies to complete construction permit procedures.
• Cost: Greece has a slightly higher cost compared to OECD high-income economies.
• Quality Control: Greece's building quality control index is slightly lower than that of OECD high-income economies.

Methodology Overview

• Standardized Business: A 100% domestically owned limited liability company with 5 owners, 10–50 employees, and start-up capital equal to 10 times income per capita.
• Assumptions:
  • No bribes are paid.
  • All required information is readily available.
  • The company operates in Athens.
  • Procedures are standardized across economies.
• Time Calculation: Online procedures count as 0.5 days. Procedures cannot be done on the same day unless specified.
• Cost Calculation: Only official costs are considered, excluding professional fees unless required by law or common practice.

Detailed Procedures for Starting a Business in Greece

1. Obtain Tax Clearance form A7 from Tax Authority

   • Time: <1 day
   • Cost: No charge
   • Agency: Tax Authority
   • Online procedure

2. Submit application with GEMI

   • Time: 10 days
   • Cost: €90 (IKE incorporation) + €10 (document submission) + €10 (optional registration) + €100 (first year subscription)
   • Agency: Chamber of Commerce and Industry office at One-Stop Shop

3. Make a company seal

   • Time: 1 day
   • Cost: EUR 40
   • Agency: Seal Maker
   • Required for daily operations, though not legally mandated

4. Register with EFKA (Unified Social Security Institution)

   • Time: 1 day (simultaneous with previous procedure)
   • Cost: EUR 111.10
   • Agency: EFKA

Detailed Procedures for Dealing with Construction Permits in Greece

1. Submit petition for archaeological clearance certificate

   • Time: 1 day
   • Cost: No charge
   • Agency: Archaeology Supervisory Authority

2. Obtain archaeological clearance certificate

   • Time: 12 days
   • Cost: No charge
   • Agency: Archaeology Supervisory Authority

3. Obtain Topographical Survey map

   • Time: 10 days
   • Cost: EUR 1,000
   • Agency: Municipality or Private firm

4. Obtain active fire protection approval

   • Time: 10 days
   • Cost: No charge
   • Agency: Fire Brigade

5. Obtain copy of land registry certificate

   • Time: 2 days
   • Cost: EUR 25
   • Agency: Land Registry

6. Obtain verification by EYDAP of the feasibility of the project

   • Time: 1 day
   • Cost: No charge
   • Agency: Athens Water and Sewerage Company (EYDAP)

7. Obtain proof of advanced payment to the Social Security

   • Time: 2 days
   • Cost: No charge
   • Agency: Social Security (IKA)

8. Request and obtain initial permit/approval from the Municipality

   • Time: 16 days
   • Cost: No charge
   • Agency: Municipality

9. Request and obtain building permit from the Municipality

   • Time: 15 days
   • Cost: EUR 12,329
   • Agency: Municipality

10. Notify Archaeology Supervisory Authority of commencement of works

    • Time: 7 days
    • Cost: No charge
    • Agency: Archaeology Supervisory Authority

11. Notify the police of the commencement of works

    • Time: 1 day
    • Cost: No charge
    • Agency: Police

12. Notify the Municipality of the commencement of works

    • Time: 1 day
    • Cost: EUR 350
    • Agency: Municipality

13. Request and obtain foundation work inspection

    • Time: 1 day
    • Cost: EUR 300
    • Agency: Municipality

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report provides a comprehensive overview of the regulatory environment in Greece, highlighting areas for improvement in starting a business and dealing with construction permits. Greece's performance in these indicators reflects a moderate regulatory environment, with opportunities for streamlining procedures and reducing costs to align more closely with the best practices observed in other economies.