中国的南方蓝鳍金枪鱼贸易报告（英文版）_48页_13mb

Summary of the Southern Bluefin Tuna Market in China

Core Content

This report examines the Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) market in mainland China and Hong Kong SAR, focusing on the trade and consumption patterns of sashimi tuna. The SBT is a high-value tuna species primarily consumed as sashimi, though it is not traditionally part of the Chinese diet. The study was conducted with the support of the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) and involved market surveys, DNA testing, and trade data analysis.

Mainland China Sashimi Tuna Trade

• SBT in the Market: Mainland China retained more than 108 tonnes of SBT in 2014, accounting for 0.61% of all sashimi tuna retained in the country.
• Market Presence: SBT is mainly sold in Japanese-style restaurants, e-commerce platforms, and high-end supermarkets in major cities like Shanghai and Beijing. There are around 7,380 such restaurants in these cities.
• Sample Collection: 200 sashimi tuna samples were collected from Beijing and Shanghai in early 2016. These samples were used for DNA testing to determine the species composition.
• DNA Testing Results: Out of 199 tested samples, 26 were identified as SBT (13%). Most of these were from Shanghai, and only two were from the high-price category (>CNY 400).
• Species Composition: The study highlights the need for more sampling in other cities like Guangzhou to better understand the variation in species composition across mainland China.
• Trade Data: Trade data for sashimi tuna (BET, BFT, YFT, and SBT) were obtained from UN Comtrade and Customs records of mainland China and five CCSBT members. Mainland China has eight-digit HS codes for fresh and frozen sashimi tuna, while Hong Kong SAR uses similar codes.
• Currency Conversion: Trade values in Hong Kong SAR were converted from HKD to USD using average exchange rates from 2011 to 2015.

Hong Kong SAR Sashimi Tuna Trade and Retention

• Trade Records: Hong Kong SAR's trade data for sashimi tuna matched mainland China's data in most cases, though discrepancies were noted for BFT in 2012 and 2013.
• SBT Retention: SBT was not recorded in Hong Kong SAR's trade data, indicating a potential underreporting issue or lack of import activity.

Market Analysis and Recommendations

• Market Survey Insights: The study found that the presence of SBT in the market was less than expected based on import data, suggesting possible undocumented trade or re-export.
• DNA Testing Methodology: Samples were preserved in RNA-Later and transported to CSIRO for DNA analysis. The results were based on 5,000 SNP loci and genetic distances to identify species.
• Recommendations:
  • Encourage all CCSBT Members and Cooperating Non-Members (CNMs) to report annual SBT catch to FAO.
  • Encourage Australia and New Zealand to check trade data records with UN Comtrade for consistency.
  • Encourage countries to update their Customs HS codes to align with WCO recommendations.
  • Promote public access to Customs trade data or at least provide data upon request.
  • Encourage Japan to confirm trade volumes with mainland China and Hong Kong SAR to eliminate illegal trade.
  • Encourage Japan to record all trade values, including those equal or under JPY 200,000, and report them to UN Comtrade.
  • Conduct more DNA testing in other major cities like Guangzhou to better understand the sashimi tuna species composition across mainland China.

Key Findings

• The SBT fishery is managed by CCSBT, which sets an annual TAC. Mainland China is not a member or CNM of CCSBT, but it appears to be a market for SBT.
• There may be discrepancies between reported trade data and actual consumption due to undocumented trade or re-export.
• The study suggests that the market for SBT in mainland China is still underreported and needs more detailed analysis.
• The presence of SBT in the market is lower than expected based on import data, which may indicate issues with data accuracy or transparency.

Conclusion

The study provides an initial understanding of the SBT market in mainland China and Hong Kong SAR, highlighting the need for more comprehensive data collection and reporting to ensure accurate estimation of SBT consumption and trade. It also emphasizes the importance of DNA testing in identifying species composition and the potential for illegal trade. Further research is recommended to improve the accuracy of these estimates and enhance transparency in the sashimi tuna market.