中国的南方蓝鳍金枪鱼贸易报告（英文版）_50页-13mb

Summary of "The Southern Bluefin Tuna Market in China"

Core Content

The report "The Southern Bluefin Tuna Market in China" by Joyce Wu, published by TRAFFIC in 2017, examines the presence and trade dynamics of Southern Bluefin Tuna (SBT) in mainland China and Hong Kong SAR. It provides an analysis of the sashimi tuna market, focusing on the species composition and trade data from 2011 to 2015, with a specific DNA testing survey conducted in 2016 in Beijing and Shanghai.

Mainland China Sashimi Tuna Trade

• SBT Retention: In 2014, mainland China retained over 108 tonnes of SBT, which accounted for 0.61% of all tuna sashimi retained in the country.
• Market Introduction: Sashimi is not traditional in China but has become a popular trend, mainly found in Japanese-style restaurants, e-commerce platforms, and high-end supermarkets.
• Sample Collection: 200 sashimi tuna samples were collected from restaurants in Beijing and Shanghai in early 2016 using stratified random sampling.
• DNA Testing Results: Out of 199 tested samples, 26 were identified as SBT (13%), with the majority (25 samples) from Shanghai and only one from Beijing.
• Price Categories: Most SBT samples (15 out of 26) were from mid-price category restaurants (CNY 201–400), while only two were from high-price restaurants (>CNY 400).
• Limitations: The small sample size and potential variation in species composition across different cities and price categories mean that the findings should not be extrapolated broadly without further research.

Hong Kong SAR Sashimi Tuna Trade

• Trade Data: Hong Kong SAR's trade data, including both import and export, was obtained from the Census and Statistics Department (CSD) and UN Comtrade.
• SBT Retention: Based on Hong Kong SAR data, the percentage of SBT in the sashimi market is not fully clear, but it is evident that the market is active and involves multiple species.
• Import Trends: Imports of frozen SBT increased significantly from 2011 to 2015, with 261 tonnes imported over the period.
• (Re)Exports: Between 2011 and 2013, mainland China reported (re)exports of around 50.6 tonnes of frozen SBT, which exceeded the total imports during the same period.

Methodology

• Data Sources: Data was gathered from six Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) and the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade).
• Customs Codes: Different countries and territories used varying Customs codes for sashimi tuna, with mainland China using eight-digit codes starting with 0302 and 0303 for fresh and frozen tuna, respectively.
• Sample Collection: Restaurants were selected based on price categories and randomly sampled. Tuna samples were preserved in RNA-Later and transported to CSIRO for DNA analysis.
• DNA Analysis: A bead-based extraction protocol was used, and genetic distances were calculated to identify species. Samples with less than 1% sequence difference were considered the same individual, while those with 2–3% difference were considered conspecifics.

Key Findings

• SBT in Market: DNA testing confirmed the presence of SBT in the sashimi market, though the proportion was lower than previous studies (13% vs. 26% in 2011–2012).
• Trade Gaps: There may be discrepancies between market sampling and trade data due to potential undocumented trade or misclassification of species.
• Need for Further Research: The study highlights the need for more comprehensive sampling, particularly in Guangzhou, to better understand the species composition and consumption patterns in mainland China.

Recommendations

• Enhance Data Reporting: Encourage all CCSBT Members and Cooperating Non-Members (CNMs) to report their annual SBT catch to FAO for accurate data.
• Improve Trade Consistency: Advise Australia and New Zealand to align their trade data with UN Comtrade for better consistency.
• Update Customs Codes: Recommend countries to update their Customs HS codes to align with WCO standards for better comparison.
• Public Access to Data: Encourage greater transparency by making Customs trade data publicly accessible.
• Japan's Role: Request Japan to confirm trade volumes with mainland China and Hong Kong SAR to prevent illegal trade and improve trade estimates.
• Expand Sampling: Conduct more DNA testing in other major cities like Guangzhou to better understand SBT consumption across mainland China.

Conclusion

The study underscores the importance of accurate data collection and monitoring in the SBT trade, especially in the context of China's growing sashimi market. It also highlights the need for improved transparency and cooperation among countries and organizations to ensure sustainable management of SBT resources.