世界银行-灾害和气候适应性运输指导说明（英）-2025_218页_19mb

Summary of Disaster and Climate-Resilient Transport Guidance Note

Core Content

This Disaster and Climate-Resilient Transport Guidance Note is a strategic document by the World Bank aimed at guiding investments in transport infrastructure that are resilient to both climate change and disaster risks. It outlines a comprehensive life-cycle approach to resilience, emphasizing the integration of climate considerations into all phases of transport planning, design, operations, and financing. The document is intended for decision-makers, policymakers, transport sector professionals, and development practitioners who are involved in the planning and implementation of transport infrastructure projects.

Main Viewpoints

• Resilient transport systems are essential for economic growth and social equity, as they connect people to jobs, services, and opportunities.
• Climate change is accelerating the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, which can cause significant disruptions to transport networks, affecting trade, mobility, and economic stability.
• The World Bank Group has committed to increasing annual climate financing to US$40 billion by 2025, with 45% of this allocated to climate action, including transport resilience.
• A life-cycle approach to resilience is proposed, structured around five pillars:
  • System planning and financing
  • Engineering and design
  • Operations and maintenance
  • Contingency planning
  • Institutional capacity and coordination
• The shift from asset-level protection to system-wide resilience is critical for addressing the complex and interconnected nature of climate and disaster risks.

Key Information

Strategic Priorities

The guidance note identifies four strategic priorities to enhance resilience in the transport sector:

1. System Thinking: Moving from asset-focused investments to system-wide resilience strategies.
2. Enhanced Risk Governance & Disaster Financing: Ensuring financial mechanisms support long-term adaptation and recovery.
3. Innovative Technologies: Utilizing new engineering solutions, nature-based approaches, and tools like predictive analytics and smart asset management.
4. Cross-Sectoral Coordination: Integrating emergency response, meteorological services, and transport planning for better disaster preparedness.

Resilience Measures by Sub-sector

The document provides sub-sector-specific resilience measures, including:

• Highways & High-capacity roads: Integrated GIS technology for smart asset management.
• Rural roads: Use of biomaterials and nature-based solutions for cost-effective adaptation.
• Urban transport: Improved collaboration between transport authorities, police, and emergency services for emergency shelter designation.
• Railways & Urban rail: Network-wide approach considering interdependencies with energy and communication systems.
• Maritime & Inland waterways: Emergency vessels and real-time weather alert systems.
• Aviation infrastructure: Comprehensive design that includes access routes, electrical systems, and runway drainage.
• Coastal transport infrastructure: Regional task forces for proactive action and rapid response.

Indicators for Monitoring Resilience

The document introduces Tier 1 and Tier 2 indicators to measure the effectiveness of resilience measures. These include:

• Tier 1 indicators: High-level, strategic metrics such as the percentage of rural population within two kilometers of all-weather roads.
• Tier 2 indicators: More detailed, operational metrics such as the time between a predicted event and warning announcement, and other quantifiable measures to track economic, social, and environmental progress.

Economic Impact

• Annual cost of transport disruptions in low- and middle-income countries is estimated to range from $391 billion to $647 billion.
• Investing in resilient transport could unlock an estimated $4.2 trillion increase in global GDP by 2040.
• Resilience dividend includes reduced economic losses, improved trade efficiency, and stronger community development.

Structure of the Document

The guidance note is divided into two main parts:

• Part 1: Focuses on the strategy and key priorities for building disaster and climate-resilient transport systems. It emphasizes the importance of a life-cycle approach and outlines the socio-economic impacts of climate-related hazards on transport networks.
• Part 2: Provides sub-sector-specific solutions for highways, rural roads, urban transport, railways, maritime, aviation, and coastal transport infrastructure. It includes case studies and practical examples of resilience measures.

Conclusion

The Disaster and Climate-Resilient Transport Guidance Note is a blueprint for action that encourages a shift in thinking and policy to build adaptive, sustainable, and resilient transport networks. It underscores the need for systemic planning, innovation in technology, and cross-sectoral collaboration to ensure that transport systems not only withstand climate and disaster risks but also support long-term economic growth and social inclusion.

Key Takeaways

• Climate resilience is a core principle for transport development.
• Life-cycle approach is essential for embedding resilience across all stages of transport infrastructure.
• Decision-support tools (DSTs) are recommended to evaluate and prioritize investments.
• Sub-sector-specific solutions are tailored to different transport modes while maintaining a system-wide perspective.
• Institutional coordination and cross-sectoral collaboration are vital for effective disaster response and long-term resilience.