2022-06-07-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Ethiopia_2022_country_profile_2页_211kb

Health and Environment Scorecard Summary: Ethiopia

Air Pollution

• Air quality is poor, with PM2.5 levels averaging 31 μg/m³, exceeding the WHO guideline of 5 μg/m³.
• Compliance with WHO guidelines is minimal at only 6%.
• High exposure (41% of population) causes health impacts, including deaths from stroke and ischemic heart disease.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)

• Access to safe drinking water is insufficient (87% without safe supply), falling short of needs.
• Sanitation coverage is also lacking, with 50-75% of required coverage missing.
• Inadequate WASH services contribute to high deaths from diarrheal diseases.

Climate Change

• High emissions scenario projects an increase in warm spell days by 150 days by 2050, leading to potential heat deaths.
• Climate change impacts on health are not fully addressed by existing policies.

Chemicals

• IHR capacity for chemical events attainment is low at 40%, with no national poison center or regulations on lead paint.
• Compliance with Minamata Convention on Mercury is noted, but chemical-related health events are undermanaged.

Radiation

• IHR capacity for radiation emergencies is not attained, with no data on radon regulations or standards for artificial tanning devices.
• Radiation emergency preparedness and regulations are deficient.

Occupational Health

• High informal employment (up to 93%) exposes workers to occupational risks, causing deaths and injuries.
• Weak performance in occupational safety conventions and health services, with poor regional rankings.

Ethiopia faces significant gaps in health and environmental policies, leading to high health burdens from air pollution, water-related diseases, climate change, chemicals, radiation, and occupational hazards.