2022-06-07-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Syrian_Arab_Republic_2022_country_profile_2页_191kb

Syro-Mandean Outline: Health and Environment

1. Air Pollution

• Extent: Moderate (~2.5x exposure to PM 2.5 guideline).
• Health Impact: Drives high ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality/morbidity.
• Policy: Compliant with WHO annual PM 2.5 standard (36 μg/m³, target 5 μg/m³). Disparities exist in hot days/historical data gaps (NO DATA on high emissions scenario). National policies for clean cooking fuels under implementation (<50% of target needs met).

2. Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH)

• NO DATA on progress implementing internationally agreed water safety & sanitation targets (SDGs).

3. Chemicals and Radiation

• Chemicals:
  • National capacities per IHR core regulations scored incompletely (60-80% achieved for some aspects like poison centre access/ IHR), consistently below regional average.
  • Existence and operation of a poison centre score unclear or incomplete (NO DATA). Minamata Convention Party status confirmed. National regulations (lead paint, artificial tanning, radon) exist but may not cover all risks adequately based on health scores/surveillance.
• Radiation:
  • IHR core capacity for radiation emergencies reported incomplete (NO DATA >20% IHR score), ranking 19/21. National regulations exist, but application may not fully cover at-risk dwelling exposures or worker/high-dose scenarios.
  • National radon regulations exist (NO DATA on implementation effectiveness).
• Occupational Health:
  • Increased risk of injury/mortality linked to long working hours (ranking 1-17/21 EMeR) but may lag behind global standards (NO DATA on ratification status/R161 C).
  • Existence of programmes for HSE of health workers unclear (POSSIBLY MAINTAINED).

4. Climate Change

• High emissions scenario predicted predicts much higher temperatures/hot days, impacting health (NO DATA).
• No active national health & climate change strategy or plan recorded (NO DATA on existence).

Major Missing Information/Elements

• Almost all categories (WASH, Occupational, Climate) have assessments marked "NO DATA" due to unspecified measurement limitations or policy information gaps.
• Core International Health Regulation capacities ratings for Chemicals generally below regional averages and potential IHR threshold.
• Limited documented transparency/published data on progress specifically towards international goals like universal basic drinking/wastewater safety and SDG results.

**Note:** This summary retains factual details, organizational structure, and relevant data based on the provided text while filtering out opinions, clarification statements ('...' etc.), redundant labels, and non-responsive footnotes/end-of-text references typically included in the original presentation.