2010年-世界发展银行全球_Guangzhou_Green_Trucks_Pilot_Project___Guangzhou_Truck_Sector_Survey_Report_22页_889kb

Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project: Truck Sector Survey Report Summary

Core Content

The Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project was initiated by the World Bank to support Guangzhou's efforts to improve air quality ahead of the 2010 Asian Games. The project aimed to develop a "proof of concept" for a green freight program in Guangdong Province and China, focusing on enhancing fuel economy, reducing black carbon and other air pollutants, and achieving greenhouse gas (GHG) emission savings. The survey was conducted between June 17, 2009 and June 23, 2009, involving 1040 truck drivers and 43 truck companies.

The survey aimed to gather data on truck ownership, operation, maintenance, and fuel efficiency to inform the design of a broader green freight initiative. It also highlighted the importance of trip tracking, training programs, and truck replacement policies in reducing emissions and improving efficiency.

Main Viewpoints

• Fuel Economy and Emission Reductions: The project sought to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions through better practices and technologies.
• Truck Ownership: The survey found that 52.2% of drivers owned their trucks, while 47.8% worked for truck companies. Most of the company-owned trucks were registered outside of Guangdong Province, with a significant number from Anhui Province.
• Trip Patterns: The majority of trips originated outside Guangdong Province (81.0%) and ended in Guangzhou (79.8%). Only 9.0% of trips were passing through Guangzhou.
• Fuel Efficiency: The average fuel economy of trucks was 22.6 liters per 100 km, with variations across truck types.
• Tire Maintenance: Most drivers checked tire pressure daily (54.4%) or before each trip (12.8%), with 81.0% using a hammer and 17.0% using a gauge.
• Maintenance Frequency: On average, 2 months or 7,500 km was the interval for truck maintenance, with most companies covering oil and lubrication, fan belts/hoses, and cooling systems.
• Truck Replacement: Trucks typically stayed in the fleet for 4.4 years, with China-built trucks being replaced after 8.3 years.
• Trip Tracking: 93.0% of companies tracked liters/km, 95.3% tracked km/trip, and 69.8% tracked average speed. Only 46.5% of companies had GPS equipment.
• Training Programs: 90.5% of companies provided fuel saving training, and 73.8% offered mechanic training.
• Service Coverage: Most truck companies served within Guangzhou (95.2%) and Guangdong Province (73.8%), with some extending services to outside Guangdong (23.8%).

Key Information

Truck Ownership

• 52.2% of drivers owned their trucks.
• 47.8% worked for truck companies.
• 72.6% of company-owned trucks were registered outside Guangdong Province.
• Anhui Province was a major source of company-owned trucks.

Trip Details

• 81.0% of trips originated outside Guangdong.
• 79.8% of trips ended in Guangzhou.
• 9.0% of trips were passing through Guangzhou.

Fuel Efficiency

• Average fuel economy was 22.6 liters per 100 km.
• Heavy Duty Trucks (HDT) had the highest average payload at 32.0 tons.
• Light Duty Trucks (LDT) had the lowest average payload at 4.0 tons.

Tire Maintenance

• 54.4% of drivers checked tire pressure daily.
• 12.8% checked tire pressure before every trip.
• 15.7% did not check tire pressure for more than one week.
• 81.0% used a hammer to check tire pressure.
• 86.5% filled up air after checking tire pressure.

Maintenance Interval

• 82.2% of drivers maintained their trucks every 10,000 km or 1 month.
• Some drivers maintained their trucks every two or three months.

Idling

• 16.0% of trucks were idling at the time of the survey.
• The longest idling time recorded was 60 minutes.
• The average idling time was 7.3 minutes.

Service Coverage

• 95.2% of companies served within Guangzhou.
• 73.8% served within Guangdong.
• 23.8% served outside Guangdong.
• The farthest destination was Beijing, about 2,200 km from Guangzhou.

Company Information

• 46.5% of truck companies were established between 2001-2005.
• 90,283 freight transportation companies owned 152,284 trucks in 2009.
• Average number of trucks per company was 24.
• Average number of drivers per company was 39.
• Average driver-to-truck ratio was 1.78.
• Average number of other staff per company was 201.

Training and Maintenance

• All companies provided safety training.
• 90.5% of companies provided fuel saving training.
• 73.8% of companies provided mechanic training.
• 100.0% of companies conducted oil and lubrication and fan belts/hoses maintenance.
• 83.7% conducted engine tune-ups.
• 95.3% conducted cooling system maintenance.

Truck Replacement

• Average truck lifespan was 4.4 years.
• China-built trucks were replaced after 8.3 years.

GPS and Data Collection

• Only 46.5% of companies had GPS equipment.
• Trip tracking was widely practiced, with 93.0% monitoring liters/km, 95.3% tracking km/trip, and 69.8% tracking average speed.

Conclusion

The Guangzhou Green Trucks Pilot Project provided valuable insights into the truck sector in Guangzhou, including ownership patterns, trip details, fuel efficiency, tire and maintenance practices, and service coverage. The findings are essential for designing a green freight program that can effectively reduce fuel costs, air pollution, and GHG emissions in the region. The survey highlighted the need for improved maintenance practices, driver training, and technology adoption to achieve these goals.